epilepsiaEpilepsy and paroxysmal conditionsЭпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния2077-83332311-4088IRBIS LLC10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2024.185epilepsia-1044Research ArticleCLINICAL CASESКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИTransient epileptic amnesia versus transient global amnesia: aspects of differential diagnosisТранзиторная эпилептическая амнезия и транзиторная глобальная амнезия: аспекты дифференциальной диагностикиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-3525ЛипатоваЛ. В.LipatovaL. V.

Липатова Людмила Валентиновна – д.м.н., профессор кафедры клинической медицины и психологии.

Кондратьевский пр., д. 72, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург 195271

WoS ResearcherID M-5928-2018; Scopus Author ID 36892509600

Liudmila V. Lipatova – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Chair of Clinical Medicine and Psychology, Saint-Peterburg Medical and Social Institute.

72 lit. А Kondratievsky Ave., Saint Petersburg 195271

WoS ResearcherID M-5928-2018; Scopus Author ID 36892509600

l_lipatova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8947-1463СаковскийИ. В.SakovskyI. V.

Саковский Игорь Всеволодович – к.м.н., доцент кафедры клинической медицины и психологии.

Кондратьевский пр., д. 72, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург 195271

Igor V. Sakovskiy – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Clinical Medicine and Psychology, Saint-Peterburg Medical and Social Institute.

72 lit. А Kondratievsky Ave., Saint Petersburg 195271

ГадаборшевМ.-Б. В.GadaborshevM.-B. V.

Гадаборшев Магомед-Башир Вахаевич – студент 4-го курса медицинского факультета.

Кондратьевский пр., д. 72, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург 195271

Magomed-Bashir V. Gadaborshev – 4th Year Student, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Peterburg Medical and Social Institute.

72 lit. А Kondratievsky Ave., Saint Petersburg 195271

Частное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт»РоссияSaint-Peterburg Medical and Social InstituteRussian Federation202430062024162137144Copyright © Lipatova L.V., Sakovsky I.V., Gadaborshev M.V., 20242024Липатова Л.В., Саковский И.В., Гадаборшев М.В.Lipatova L.V., Sakovsky I.V., Gadaborshev M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1044

Transient global amnesia (TGA) and transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) are rare phenomena in clinical practice that manifest as transient cognitive amnestic impairments. Despite the similarity in clinical picture, such conditions are pathogenetically heterogeneous and require different therapeutic approaches. TGA is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden anterograde amnesia of the event lasting up to 24 hours, lacking focal neurological symptoms, and not prone to recurrence. Mimicking TGA, TEA often occurs manifested as epileptic seizures with impaired awareness of varying duration, including long-term (more than 24 hours), as a variant of focal epilepsy. TEA is characterized by recurrent episodes, combination with other manifestations of epilepsy, and comorbidity with neurodegenerative diseases (dementia). For differential diagnosis, it is necessary to use prolonged video-electroencephalographic monitoring with sleep recording, neuroimaging methods (brain magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography), psychological testing, biochemical examination for markers of neurodegeneration.

Транзиторная глобальная амнезия (ТГА) и транзиторная эпилептическая амнезия (ТЭА) – редко встречающиеся в клинической практике феномены, которые проявляются преходящими когнитивными амнестическими нарушениями. Несмотря на схожесть клинической картины, эти состояния патогенетически разнородны и требуют различных терапевтических подходов. ТГА – клинический синдром, характеризующийся внезапной антероградной амнезией события длительностью до 24 ч без очаговых неврологических симптомов, не склонный к рецидивированию. Под маской ТГА часто протекает TЭA – эпилептические приступы с нарушением осознанности различной длительности, включая долгосрочные (более 24 ч), как вариант фокальной эпилепсии. Для ТЭА характерны повторяемость эпизодов, сочетание с другими проявлениями эпилепсии, коморбидность с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями (деменцией). Для дифференциальной диагностики необходимо использовать пролонгированный видеоэлектроэнцефалографический мониторинг с записью сна, методы нейровизуализации (магнитно-резонансную томографию, позитронно-эмиссионную томографию головного мозга), психологическое тестирование, биохимическое исследование маркеров нейродегенерации.

Эпилепсиятранзиторная глобальная амнезияТГАтранзиторная эпилептическая амнезияTЭAкогнитивные нарушениядеменцияEpilepsytransient global amnesiaTGAtransient epileptic amnesiaTEAcognitive impairmentdementiaReferencesArena J.E., Rabinstein A.A. Transient global amnesia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015; 90 (2): 264–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.001.Arena J.E., Rabinstein A.A. Transient global amnesia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015; 90 (2): 264–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.001.Bartsch T., Deuschl G. Transient global amnesia: functional anatomy and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9 (2): 205–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70344-8.Bartsch T., Deuschl G. Transient global amnesia: functional anatomy and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9 (2): 205–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70344-8.Spiegel D.R., Smith J., Wade R.R., et al. Transient global amnesia: current perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017; 13: 2691–703. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S130710.Spiegel D.R., Smith J., Wade R.R., et al. Transient global amnesia: current perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017; 13: 2691–703. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S130710.Alessandro L., Ricciardi M., Chaves H., Allegri R.F. Acute amnestic syndromes. J Neurol Sci. 2020; 413: 116781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.116781.Alessandro L., Ricciardi M., Chaves H., Allegri R.F. Acute amnestic syndromes. J Neurol Sci. 2020; 413: 116781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.116781.Williamson J., Larner A.J. Transient global amnesia. Br J Hosp Med. 2015; 76 (12): C186–8. https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2015.76.12.C186.Williamson J., Larner A.J. Transient global amnesia. Br J Hosp Med. 2015; 76 (12): C186–8. https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2015.76.12.C186.Melo T.P., Ferro J.M., Ferro H. Transient global amnesia: a case control study. Brain. 1992; 115 (Pt. 1): 261–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/115.1.261.Melo T.P., Ferro J.M., Ferro H. Transient global amnesia: a case control study. Brain. 1992; 115 (Pt. 1): 261–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/115.1.261.Arena J.E., Brown R.D., Mandrekar J., Rabinstein A.A. Long-term outcome in patients with transient global amnesia: a population-based study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017; 92 (3): 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.11.015.Arena J.E., Brown R.D., Mandrekar J., Rabinstein A.A. Long-term outcome in patients with transient global amnesia: a population-based study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017; 92 (3): 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.11.015.Fisher C.M. Transient global amnesia: precipitating activities and other observations. Arch Neurol. 1982; 39 (10): 605–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1982.00510220003001.Fisher C.M. Transient global amnesia: precipitating activities and other observations. Arch Neurol. 1982; 39 (10): 605–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1982.00510220003001.Яковлева Е.В., Мысовская О.В., Лобанова О.С. Транзиторная глобальная амнезия у больной с гипертоническим кризом. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2018; 8 (1): 77–80. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-1-77-80.Yakovleva E.V., Mysovskaya O.V., Lobanova O.S. Transient global amnesia in a patient with hypertensive crisis. The Russian ArchiVes of Internal Medicine. 2018; 8 (1): 77–80 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-1-77-80.Мартынова О.О., Захаров В.В. Транзиторная глобальная амнезия как клиническое проявление одностороннего инфаркта гиппокампа. Описание клинического случая. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2023; 15 (6): 95–100. https://doi.org/10.14412/20742711-2023-6-95-100.Martynova O.O., Zakharov V.V. Transient global amnesia as a clinical manifestation of unilateral hippocampal infarction. Case report. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2023; 15 (6): 95–100 (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14412/20742711-2023-6-95-100.Caplan L., Chedru F., Lhermitte F., Mayman C. Transient global amnesia and migraine. Neurology. 1981; 31 (9): 1167–70. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.31.9.1167.Caplan L., Chedru F., Lhermitte F., Mayman C. Transient global amnesia and migraine. Neurology. 1981; 31 (9): 1167–70. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.31.9.1167.Olesen J., Jørgensen M.B. Leao’s spreading depression in the hippocampus explains transient global amnesia: a hypothesis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986; 73 (2): 219–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb03267.x.Olesen J., Jørgensen M.B. Leao’s spreading depression in the hippocampus explains transient global amnesia: a hypothesis. Acta Neurol Scand. 1986; 73 (2): 219–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb03267.x.Lin K.H., Chen Y.T., Fuh J.L., et al. Migraine is associated with a higher risk of transient global amnesia: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Neurol. 2014; 21 (5): 718–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12346.Lin K.H., Chen Y.T., Fuh J.L., et al. Migraine is associated with a higher risk of transient global amnesia: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Neurol. 2014; 21 (5): 718–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12346.Mahler M.E. Transient global amnesia. URL: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transient-global-amnesia (дата обращения 15.03.2024).Mahler M.E. Transient global amnesia. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transient-global-amnesia (accessed 15.03.2024).Zeman A.Z., Boniface S.J., Hodges J.R. Transient epileptic amnesia: a description of the clinical and neuropsychological features in 10 cases and a review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998; 64 (4): 435–43. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.64.4.435.Zeman A.Z., Boniface S.J., Hodges J.R. Transient epileptic amnesia: a description of the clinical and neuropsychological features in 10 cases and a review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998; 64 (4): 435–43. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.64.4.435.Rathore C., Prakash S., Rana K., Makwana P. Prevalence of benign epileptiform variants from an EEG laboratory in India and frequency of their misinterpretation. Epilepsy Res. 2021; 170: 106539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106539.Rathore C., Prakash S., Rana K., Makwana P. Prevalence of benign epileptiform variants from an EEG laboratory in India and frequency of their misinterpretation. Epilepsy Res. 2021; 170: 106539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106539.Edwards J.C., Kutluay E. Patterns of unclear significance. In: Schomer D.L., Lopes da Silva F.H. (Eds.) Niedermeyer’s electroencephalography. Basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields. 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2018: 319–30.Edwards J.C., Kutluay E. Patterns of unclear significance. In: Schomer D.L., Lopes da Silva F.H. (Eds.) Niedermeyer’s electroencephalography. Basic principles, clinical applications, and related fields. 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2018: 319–30.Azman Iste F., Tezer Filik F.I., Saygi S. SREDA: a rare but confusing benign EEG variant. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2020; 37 (3): 225–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000000623.Azman Iste F., Tezer Filik F.I., Saygi S. SREDA: a rare but confusing benign EEG variant. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2020; 37 (3): 225–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNP.0000000000000623.Szabo K., Hoyer C., Caplan L.R., et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI in transient global amnesia and its diagnostic implications. Neurology. 2020; 95 (2): e206–12. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009783.Szabo K., Hoyer C., Caplan L.R., et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI in transient global amnesia and its diagnostic implications. Neurology. 2020; 95 (2): e206–12. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009783.Gandolfo C., Caponnetto C., Conti M., et al. Prognosis of transient global amnesia: a long-term follow-up study. Eur Neurol. 1992; 32 (1): 52–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000116787.Gandolfo C., Caponnetto C., Conti M., et al. Prognosis of transient global amnesia: a long-term follow-up study. Eur Neurol. 1992; 32 (1): 52–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000116787.Alessandro L., Calandri I.L., Suarez M.F., et al. Transient global amnesia: clinical features and prognostic factors suggesting recurrence. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019; 77 (1): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180157.Alessandro L., Calandri I.L., Suarez M.F., et al. Transient global amnesia: clinical features and prognostic factors suggesting recurrence. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019; 77 (1): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180157.Miller J.W., Petersen R.C., Metter E.J., et al. Transient global amnesia: clinical characteristics and prognosis. Neurology. 1987; 37 (5): 733–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180157.Miller J.W., Petersen R.C., Metter E.J., et al. Transient global amnesia: clinical characteristics and prognosis. Neurology. 1987; 37 (5): 733–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.37.5.733.Agosti C., Akkawi N.M., Borroni B., Padovani A. Recurrency in transient global amnesia: a retrospective study. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13 (9): 986– 9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01408.x.Agosti C., Akkawi N.M., Borroni B., Padovani A. Recurrency in transient global amnesia: a retrospective study. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13 (9): 986–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01408.x.Hughlings-Jackson J. On a particular variety of epilepsy (“intellectual aura”), one case with symptoms of organic brain disease. Brain. 1888; 11 (2): 179–207.Hughlings-Jackson J. On a particular variety of epilepsy (“intellectual aura”), one case with symptoms of organic brain disease. Brain. 1888; 11 (2): 179–207.Butler C.R., Zeman A.Z. Recent insights into the impairment of memory in epilepsy: transient epileptic amnesia, accelerated long-term forgetting and remote memory impairment. Brain. 2008; 131 (Pt. 9): 2243–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn127.Butler C.R., Zeman A.Z. Recent insights into the impairment of memory in epilepsy: transient epileptic amnesia, accelerated long-term forgetting and remote memory impairment. Brain. 2008; 131 (Pt. 9): 2243–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn127.Butler C.R., Graham K.S., Hodges J.R., et al. The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia. Ann Neurol. 2007; 61 (6): 587–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21111.Butler C.R., Graham K.S., Hodges J.R., et al. The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia. Ann Neurol. 2007; 61 (6): 587–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21111.Mosbah A., Tramoni E., Guedj E., et al. Clinical, neuropsychological, and metabolic characteristics of transient epileptic amnesia syndrome. Epilepsia. 2014; 55 (5): 699–706. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12565.Mosbah A., Tramoni E., Guedj E., et al. Clinical, neuropsychological, and metabolic characteristics of transient epileptic amnesia syndrome. Epilepsia. 2014; 55 (5): 699–706. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12565.Baker J., Savage S., Milton F., et al. The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia: a combined series of 115 cases and literature review. Brain Commun. 2021; 3 (2): fcab038. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab038.Baker J., Savage S., Milton F., et al. The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia: a combined series of 115 cases and literature review. Brain Commun. 2021; 3 (2): fcab038. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab038.Werhahn K.J., Hartl E., Hamann K., et al. Latency of interictal epileptiform discharges in long-term EEG recordings in epilepsy patients. Seizure. 2015; 29: 20–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.012.Werhahn K.J., Hartl E., Hamann K., et al. Latency of interictal epileptiform discharges in long-term EEG recordings in epilepsy patients. Seizure. 2015; 29: 20–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.012.Butler C.R., Zeman A. A case of transient epileptic amnesia with radiological localization. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2008; 4 (9): 516–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpneuro0857.Butler C.R., Zeman A. A case of transient epileptic amnesia with radiological localization. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2008; 4 (9): 516–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpneuro0857.Romoli M., Sen A., Parnetti L., et al. Amyloid-β: a potential link between epilepsy and cognitive decline. Nat Rev Neurol. 2021; 17 (8): 469–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-021-00505-9.Romoli M., Sen A., Parnetti L., et al. Amyloid-β: a potential link between epilepsy and cognitive decline. Nat ReV Neurol. 2021; 17 (8): 469–85. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-021-00505-9.Асташонок А.Н., Полещук Н.Н., Докукина Т.В., Липатова Л.В. Качественный и количественный анализ маркеров (амилоидов АВ40, АВ42, PRP27-30) при болезни Альцгеймера и других заболеваниях ЦНС. В кн.: XXII Давиденковские чтения: сборник тезисов конференции. СПб.: Санкт-Петербургская общественная организация «Человек и его здоровье»; 2020: 97–9.Astashonok A.N., Poleshchuk N.N., Dokukina T.V., Lipatova L.V. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of markers (amyloids АВ40, АВ42, PRP27-30) in Alzheimer's disease and other CNS diseases. In: 22nd Davidenkov Readings: collection of conference abstracts. Saint Petersburg: St. Petersburg public organization "Man and his health"; 2020: 97–9 (in Russ.).Докукина Т.В., Асташонок А.Н., Липатова Л.В. Биомаркеры деменции при эпилепсии. В кн.: Незнанов Н.Г., Крупицкий Е.М., Михайлов В.А. (ред.) Современные технологии в диагностике и терапии психических и неврологических расстройств: материалы Международного конгресса. СПб.: НМИЦ психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева; 2019: 72.Dokukina T.V., Astashonok A.N., Lipatova L.V. Biomarkers of dementia in epilepsy. In: Neznanov N.G., Krupitsky E.M., Mikhailov V.A. (Eds.) Modern technologies in the diagnosis and therapy of mental and neurological disorders: proceedings of the International Congress. Saint Petersburg: Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology; 2019: 72 (in Russ.).Cretin B., Philippi N., Bousiges O., Blanc F. Transient epileptic amnesia: a retrospective cohort study of 127 cases, including CSF amyloid and tau features. J Neurol. 2023; 270 (4): 2256–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11576-7.Cretin B., Philippi N., Bousiges O., Blanc F. Transient epileptic amnesia: a retrospective cohort study of 127 cases, including CSF amyloid and tau features. J Neurol. 2023; 270 (4): 2256–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11576-7.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.