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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2024.191</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-1143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>“Between Scylla and Charybdis”: the influence of pregravid preparation on mental development of children born to mothers with epilepsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>«Между Сциллой и Харибдой»: влияние прегравидарной подготовки на психическое развитие детей, рожденных матерями с эпилепсией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-5060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краско</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краско Анастасия Сергеевна.</p><p>Университетская наб., д. 7–9, Санкт-Петербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Krasko.</p><p>7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-8171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлова Надежда Федоровна - к.психол.н.</p><p>Университетская наб., д. 7–9, Санкт-Петербург, 199034</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda F. Mikhailova – PhD.</p><p>7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail.mikhailova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларина Ирина Владимировна.</p><p>наб. Обводного канала, д. 9, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург, 192029</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Larina.</p><p>9 lit. A Obvodnoy Channel Emb., Saint Petersburg, 192029</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-2704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>В. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлов Владимир Алексеевич - д.м.н.</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург, 192019</p><p>WoS ResearcherID B-3272-2017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Mikhailov - Dr. Sci. Med.</p><p>3 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg, 192019</p><p>WoS ResearcherID B-3272-2017</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-0054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинцова</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odintsova</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Одинцова Галина Вячеславовна - к.м.н.</p><p>ул. Маяковского, д. 12, Санкт-Петербург, 191014</p><p>WoS ResearcherID G-8940-2012, Scopus Author ID 55510371000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Odintsova – PhD.</p><p>12 Mayakovskiy Str., Saint Petersburg, 191014</p><p>WoS ResearcherID G-8940-2012, Scopus Author ID 55510371000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городской эпилептологический центр Санкт-Петербургского государственного казенного учреждения здравоохранения «Городская психиатрическая больница № 6 (стационар с диспансером)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Epileptology Center, City Psychiatric Hospital No. 6 (Hospital with Dispensary)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский нейрохирургический институт им. профессора А.Л. Поленова – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Polenov Neurosurgical Institute – branch of Almazov National Medical Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>298</fpage><lpage>315</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Krasko A.S., Mikhailova N.F., Larina I.V., Mikhailov V.A., Odintsova G.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краско А.С., Михайлова Н.Ф., Ларина И.В., Михайлов В.A., Одинцова Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasko A.S., Mikhailova N.F., Larina I.V., Mikhailov V.A., Odintsova G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1143">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1143</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The emergence of the latest pharmacotherapeutic methods opened up new opportunities for delivery of healthy children born to women with epilepsy, whereas comprehensive pregravid preparation became the “gold standard” of treatment, reducing the risks of teratogenesis and the appearance of mental development disorders and adaptation in offspring.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study an effect of a comprehensive pregravid preparation for women with epilepsy on mental development and adaptation in paired children.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A multicenter, retrospective, uncontrolled, open, observational study assessing mental development level in children born to women with epilepsy was conducted. The study involved 176 subjects: 88 children (aged 3–9 years) and paired mothers with epilepsy. Several methods we used: a medical questionnaire (biographical data, clinical data on the form, course and treatment of maternal epilepsy, course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as information on pediatric early development), Luria neuropsychological batteries adapted by J.M. Glozman (for preschool and primary school children), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (for children aged 5 years and older), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) forms for parents (by T. Achenbach), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other behavioral dysfunctions questionnaire modified by N.N. Zavadenko (for children aged 5 years and older).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In children born to mothers who did not undergo pregravid preparation, the overall indicator of developmental and adaptation disorders was higher: anxiety, attention problems, motor awkwardness, hyperactivity and internalization problems were more pronounced. They also had a higher overall index of neuropsychological disorders – gnosis, phonemic hearing, understanding of reversed speech and speech logic, and logical operations were specifically affected. A comparison of age groups showed that by the age of 7–9 years old, children born to mothers who underwent pregravid preparation were better compensated. Seizures during pregnancy is a predictor for developing large number of pediatric mental development disorders in the future (somatic problems, disorders of socialization and attention, motor awkwardness, externalization problems), whereas conducting pregravid preparation significantly lowers the predictive power of such effect, which allows to consider it as a moderator. Pregravid preparation is also a moderator that lowers a negative impact of toxicosis on probability for deliver a child with externalization (aggression) and delayed neurodynamic development.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A comprehensive pregravid preparation exhibits a moderating effect: it lowers a negative impact of epileptic seizures and pregnancy complications (toxicosis) on further mental development and adaptation of children, as well as increases their compensatory capabilities. The study results have both scientific and significance for neurologists, obstetricians as well as gynecologists and clinical psychologists.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Появление новейших фармакотерапевтических методов открыло новые возможности рождения здоровых детей у женщин, страдающих эпилепсией, а проведение комплексной прегравидарной подготовки стало «золотым стандартом» лечения, снижающим риски тератогенеза и появления нарушений психического развития и адаптации у потомства.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучение влияния комплекса прегравидарной подготовки женщин с эпилепсией на психическое развитие и адаптацию их детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено многоцентровое ретроспективное неконтролируемое открытое наблюдательное исследование психического развития детей, рожденных женщинами, страдающими эпилепсией. В исследовании приняли участие 176 человек: 88 детей в возрасте 3–9 лет и их матери, больные эпилепсией. В качестве методов использовались: медицинская анкета (биографические и клинические данные о форме, течении и лечении эпилепсии у матери, протекании беременности и родов, а также информация о раннем развитии ребенка), Луриевские батареи нейропсихологических тестов в адаптации Ж.М. Глозман (для детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста), методика исследования интеллекта Д. Векслера (англ. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, WISC) для детей 5 лет и старше, Контрольный лист поведения ребенка (англ. Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) Т. Ахенбаха и анкета для выявления симптомов синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью и других поведенческих расстройств в модификации Н.Н. Заваденко (для детей 5 лет и старше).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У детей матерей, не прошедших прегравидарную подготовку, общий показатель нарушений развития и адаптации был выше: сильнее выражены тревожность, расстройства внимания, моторная неловкость, гиперактивность и интернализационные проблемы. Общий показатель нейропсихологических нарушений у них также был выше – особенно страдали гнозис, фонематический слух, понимание обращенной речи и логики речи, логические операции. Сравнение возрастных групп показало, что к 7–9 годам дети, матери которых прошли прегравидарную подготовку, компенсировались лучше. Приступы во время беременности являются предиктором появления у ребенка в дальнейшем большого количества нарушений психического развития (соматические расстройства, ухудшение социализации и внимания, моторная неловкость, экстернализационные проблемы), а проведение прегравидарной подготовки достоверно снижает предсказательную силу этого влияния, что позволяет рассматривать ее в качестве модератора. Прегравидарная подготовка также является модератором, снижающим негативное влияние токсикоза на вероятность появления у ребенка проблем экстернализации (агрессии) и задержки в развитии нейродинамики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Комплексная прегравидарная подготовка оказывает модерирующий эффект – снижает негативное влияние эпилептических приступов и осложнений беременности (токсикоз) на дальнейшее психическое развитие и адаптацию ребенка, а также повышает его компенсаторные возможности. Результаты исследования имеют как научную, так и практическую значимость для неврологов, акушеров-гинекологов и клинических психологов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Женская эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>прегравидарная подготовка</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>нейроповеденческая тератогенность</kwd><kwd>психическое развитие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Female epilepsy</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>prenatal preparation</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>neuropsychological teratogenesis</kwd><kwd>mental development</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Часть исследования проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания ГЗ № 122011900530-8 «Стратификация рисков, выбор оптимальной стратегии хирургического лечения и прогнозирование исходов у пациентов с фармакорезистентной структурной эпилепсией»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Part of the study was carried out within the framework of the state task GZ No. 122011900530-8 “Risk stratification, choosing the optimal strategy for surgical treatment and predicting outcomes in patients with pharmacoresistant structural epilepsy”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прегравидарная подготовка. 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