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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2024.210</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-1150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC SURVEYS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Hypotheses of development and strategies for overcoming drug resistance in epilepsy. Part I: Hypotheses of development</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гипотезы развития и стратегии преодоления фармакорезистентности при эпилепсии. Часть I: Гипотезы развития</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0479-126X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якимов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якимов Алексей Михайлович.</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID AEW-9605-2022, Scopus Author ID 58161933100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey M. Yakimov.</p><p>1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID AEW-9605-2022, Scopus Author ID 58161933100</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимечко</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timechko</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимечко Елена Евгеньевна.</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID CAF-2677-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Timechko.</p><p>1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID CAF-2677-2022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-2413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парамонова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paramonova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Парамонова Анастасия Ивановна.</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID HMP-3496-2023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia I. Paramonova.</p><p>1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID HMP-3496-2023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3369-1537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilieva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Анастасия Александровна.</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Vasilieva.</p><p>1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4391-2669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаченко</surname><given-names>Ф. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybachenko</surname><given-names>F. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбаченко Фёдор Константинович.</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor K. Rybachenko.</p><p>1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1108-6249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаченко</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybachenko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбаченко Анастасия Дмитриевна.</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Rybachenko.</p><p>1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-6365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитренко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитренко Диана Викторовна - д.м.н.</p><p>ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID H-7787-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Dmitrenko - Dr. Sci. Med.</p><p>1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID H-7787-2016</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mart2802@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>375</fpage><lpage>384</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Yakimov A.M., Timechko E.E., Paramonova A.I., Vasilieva A.A., Rybachenko F.K., Rybachenko A.D., Dmitrenko D.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Якимов А.М., Тимечко Е.Е., Парамонова А.И., Васильева А.A., Рыбаченко Ф.К., Рыбаченко А.Д., Дмитренко Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakimov A.M., Timechko E.E., Paramonova A.I., Vasilieva A.A., Rybachenko F.K., Rybachenko A.D., Dmitrenko D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1150">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1150</self-uri><abstract><p>Currently, the problem of effective therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy remains vastly relevant. The severity of drug-resistant epilepsy, remarkable negative social sequelae and sudden death in epilepsy pose a heavy burden on healthcare system. Although many innovative antiepileptic drugs have been developed in recent decades, surgical approach remains the only effective way to treat drug-resistant epilepsy which is coupled to significant health risks and does not guarantee freedom from seizures. The stumbling block in managing this pathology is the lack of knowledge on pathogenetic mechanisms, leaving a significant proportion of patients without quality medical care. There are different viewpoints on developing drug resistance in epilepsy, which are characterized by multilayered and overlapping molecular disease bases. The review presents the analysis of the existing hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying drug resistance development in epilepsy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время проблема эффективной терапии фармакорезистентной эпилепсии остается крайне актуальной. Тяжесть фармакорезистентной эпилепсии, значительные негативные социальные последствия и внезапная смерть при эпилепсии ложатся тяжелым грузом на институт здравоохранения. Хотя за последние десятилетия было разработано множество инновационных противоэпилептических препаратов, единственным эффективным способом лечения фармакорезистентной эпилепсии остается хирургический подход, сопряженный со значительными рисками для здоровья и не гарантирующий при этом свободу от приступов. Камнем преткновения при преодолении данной патологии является недостаток знаний патогенетических механизмов, оставляющий значительную часть больных без качественной медицинской помощи. Различные взгляды на формирование фармакорезистентности при эпилепсии характеризуются комплексностью и наличием пересекающихся молекулярных основ заболевания. В настоящем обзоре проведен анализ существующих концепций о механизмах развития фармакорезистентности при эпилепсии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Фармакорезистентная эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>механизмы фармакорезистентности</kwd><kwd>P-гликопротеин</kwd><kwd>каналопатии</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>нейронная сеть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Drug-resistant epilepsy</kwd><kwd>drug resistance mechanisms</kwd><kwd>P-glycoprotein</kwd><kwd>channelopathies</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>neural network</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Обзор подготовлен в рамках госзадания «Идентификация предикторов фармакорезистентного течения и исходов хирургического лечения эпилепсии» (№ 1023022100003-4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The review was conducted within the framework of the state task "Identification of predictors for pharmacoresistant course and outcomes of surgical treatment of epilepsy" (No. 1023022100003-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt D., Schachter S.C. 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