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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2025.251</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-1206</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The ILAE classification of epileptic seizures: the 2025 update</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Классификация эпилептических приступов Международной Противоэпилептической Лиги: обновление 2025 года</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-9844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинов Дмитрий Владиславович, к.м.н.</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: E-8906-2017. Scopus Author ID: 6701744871</p><p>Лялин пер., д. 11-13/1, Москва 101000;</p><p>ул. 2-я Брестская, д. 5, стр. 1-1а, Москва 123056;</p><p>Алтуфьевское ш., д. 37А, стр. 1, Москва 127410</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Blinov, PhD, MBA</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: E-8906-2017. Scopus Author ID: 6701744871</p><p>11-13/1 Lyalin Passage, Moscow 101000;</p><p>5 bldg 1-1a 2nd Brestskaya Str., Moscow 123056;</p><p>37А bldg 1 Altufyevskoe Shosse, Moscow 127410</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.blinov@ipsom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-0199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрухин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrukhin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрухин Андрей Сергеевич, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005313493</p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Petrukhin, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005313493</p><p>1 Ostrovityanov Str., Moscow 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1111-6378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронкова Кира Владимировна, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 20434946200</p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва 117513;</p><p>Абрикосовский пер., д. 2, Москва 119435</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira V. Voronkova, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 20434946200</p><p>2 Abrikosovskiy Passage, Moscow 119435</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-3773</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акарачкова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akarachkova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акарачкова Елена Сергеевна, д.м.н.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23048541100</p><p>ул. Лесная, д. 8, Московская обл., Истринский р-н, с. Павловская Слобода 143581;</p><p>ул. Мусы Джалиля, д. 40, Москва 115573</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Akarachkova, Dr. Sci. Med.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 23048541100</p><p>8 Lesnaya Str., Moscow Region, Istra District, Pavlovskaya Sloboda 143581;</p><p>40 Musa Dzhalil Str., Moscow 115573</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-0381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котова Ольга Владимировна, к.м.н., доцент</p><p>ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6, Москва 117198</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kotova, PhD, Assoc. Prof.</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklay Str., Moscow 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-0488</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корабельников</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korabelnikov</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корабельников Даниил Иванович, к.м.н., доцент</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7801382184</p><p>ул. 2-я Брестская, д. 5, стр. 1-1а, Москва 123056</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil I. Korabelnikov, PhD, Assoc. Prof.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7801382184</p><p>5 bldg 1-1a 2nd Brestskaya Str., Moscow 123056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantseva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцева Елена Ивановна, доцент</p><p>ул. 2-я Бауманская, д. 5, стр. 1, Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Rumyantseva, Assoc. Prof.</p><p>5 bldg 1 2nd Baumanskaya Str., Moscow 105005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мнацаканьян</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mnatsakanyan</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мнацаканьян Анна Никитична, к.ф.н., доцент</p><p>ул. 2-я Бауманская, д. 5, стр. 1, Москва 105005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna N. Mnatsakanyan, PhD, Assoc. Prof.</p><p>5 bldg 1 2nd Baumanskaya Str., Moscow 105005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт Превентивной и Социальной Медицины;&#13;
Автономная некоммерческая организация дополнительного профессионального образования «Московский медико-социальный институт им. Ф.П. Гааза»;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской реабилитации и курортологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Preventive and Social Medicine;&#13;
Moscow Haass Medical Social Institute;&#13;
Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный научно-исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный научно-исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Реабилитационный центр Rehaline;&#13;
Международное общество «Стресс под контролем»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rehaline Rehabilitation Center;&#13;
International Society “Stress Under Control”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Автономная некоммерческая организация дополнительного профессионального образования «Московский медико-социальный институт им. Ф.П. Гааза»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Haass Medical Social Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>122</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Blinov D.V., Petrukhin A.S., Voronkova K.V., Akarachkova E.S., Kotova O.V., Korabelnikov D.I., Rumyantseva E.I., Mnatsakanyan A.N., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Блинов Д.В., Петрухин А.С., Воронкова К.В., Акарачкова Е.С., Котова О.В., Корабельников Д.И., Румянцева Е.И., Мнацаканьян А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Blinov D.V., Petrukhin A.S., Voronkova K.V., Akarachkova E.S., Kotova O.V., Korabelnikov D.I., Rumyantseva E.I., Mnatsakanyan A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1206">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1206</self-uri><abstract><p>Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting 51.7 million people worldwide. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) plays a pivotal role in equipping healthcare professionals, patients, government agencies and the general public with the necessary resources to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. In 2025, the ILAE released an updated classification of epileptic seizures, which aimed to address the limitations of previous version and adapt to modern clinical and scientific needs. This publication presents and analyses the ILAE 2025 classification of epileptic seizures, including its development methodology, key changes, and recommendations for clinical application. To develop the document, an ILAE working group was established. This involved conducting a systematic literature review to evaluate the previous version, using a modified Delphi method to reach consensus and implementing a public discussion and peer review process. The updated classification includes four main seizure classes: focal; unknown whether focal or generalized; generalized; and unclassified. Key changes, compared to the previous version include: the removal of the term “onset” from mail seizure class names; introduction of classifiers and descriptors; the term “awareness” has been replaced with “consciousness”; seizures are now described as with or without observable manifestations (basic version) or by the chronological sequence of semiology (expanded version). Epileptic negative myoclonus is recognized as a distinct seizure type. The ILAE 2025 classification of epileptic seizures is a significant step forward in standardizing the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, its update helps to improve the quality of medical care and further development of collaboration between epilepsy specialists around the world.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Эпилепсия остается одним из наиболее распространенных неврологических заболеваний, затрагивающих 51,7 млн человек по всему миру. Международная Противоэпилептическая Лига (англ. International League Against Epilepsy, ILAE) играет ключевую роль в предоставлении практикующим специалистам, пациентам, государственным структурам и общественности ресурсов, необходимых для совершенствования диагностики и лечения эпилепсии. В 2025 г. ILAE выпустила обновленную классификацию эпилептических приступов, направленную на устранение недостатков предыдущих версий и адаптацию к современным клиническим и научным потребностям. Целью данной публикации является представление и анализ Классификации эпилептических приступов ILAE 2025 г., включая методологию разработки, ключевые изменения и рекомендации по применению в клинической практике. Для разработки документа была сформирована рабочая группа ILAE. Выполнен систематический обзор литературы с оценкой предыдущей версии, использовался модифицированный дельфийский метод для достижения консенсуса, проводились общественное обсуждение и рецензирование. Обновленная классификация включает четыре основных класса приступов: фокальные, неизвестные (либо фокальные, либо генерализованные), генерализованные и неклассифицируемые. Ключевыми изменениями по сравнению с предыдущей версией являются: исключение термина «начало/дебют» (англ. onset) из названий классов, предлагаемое разделение на классификаторы и дескрипторы, замена термина «осознанность» на «сознание», деление приступов на «с наблюдаемыми проявлениями» и «без наблюдаемых проявлений» (в базовой версии) или описание семиологии в хронологической последовательности (в расширенной версии). Эпилептический негативный миоклонус признан отдельным типом приступов. Классификация эпилептических приступов ILAE 2025 г. представляет собой значительный шаг вперед в стандартизации диагностики и лечения эпилепсии, ее обновление способствует улучшению качества медицинской помощи и дальнейшему развитию глобального взаимодействия специалистов в области эпилепсии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>эпилептические приступы</kwd><kwd>судорожные приступы</kwd><kwd>судороги</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>Международная Противоэпилептическая Лига</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>seizure</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>International League Against Epilepsy</kwd><kwd>position paper</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Эпилепсия. Основные факты. 2024. 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