<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-125</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF OBSCURE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC PATTERN "BROAD SHARP WAVE" IN CHILDREN</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>КЛИНИКО-ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ МАЛОИЗВЕСТНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЦЕФАЛОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПАТТЕРНА «ШИРОКАЯ – ОСТРАЯ ВОЛНА» У ДЕТЕЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Иван Георгиевич – врач-невролог, аспирант.</p><p>Адрес: ул. Балтийская, 8, Москва, Россия, 125315</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kovalev Ivan Georgievich – neurologist, a graduate student, Research Institute named after VV Zakusov.</p><p>Address: ul. Baltijskaja, 8, Moscow, Russia, 125315</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vanneit@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанищев</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanishhev</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанищев Игорь Львович – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-невролог, заведующий отделением психоневрологии ДГКБ им. З.А. Башляевой. </p><p>Адрес: ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28, Москва, Россия, 125373.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepanishhev Igor' L'vovich – MD, neurologist, head of psychoneurology Children's City Clinical Hospital named after ZA Bashlyaeva.</p><p>Address: ul. Geroev Panfilovcev,Moscow,Russia, 125373.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыков</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зыков Валерий Петрович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии детского возраста. </p><p>Адрес: ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, Москва, Россия, 125993</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zykov Valerij Petrovich – MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology of Childhood; </p><p>Address: ul. Barrikadnaja, d. 2/1, Moscow, Russia, 125993. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zykov_vp@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронина Татьяна Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки, заведующая лаборатории психофармакологии. </p><p>Адрес: ул. Балтийская, 8, Москва, Россия, 125315.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronina Tat'jana Aleksandrovna – MD, Professor, Honored Scientist, Head of Laboratory of Pharmacology Psychopharmacology. </p><p>Address: ul. Baltijskaja, 8, Moscow, Russia, 125315. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская поликлиника № 88, Москва; &#13;
НИИ Фармакологии им. В.В. Закусова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Children's polyclinic № 88, Moscow;&#13;
 Institute of Pharmacology named V.V. Zakusov, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой, Москва; &#13;
Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children's City Clinical Hospital named after ZA Bashlyaeva, Moscow; &#13;
 Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ Фармакологии им. В.В. Закусова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children's City Clinical Hospital named after ZA Bashlyaeva, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kovalev I.G., Stepanishhev I.L., Zykov V.P., Voronina T.A., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалев И.Г., Степанищев И.Л., Зыков В.П., Воронина Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalev I.G., Stepanishhev I.L., Zykov V.P., Voronina T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/125">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/125</self-uri><abstract><p>Interpreting of electroencephalographic (EEG) elements in patients with epileptic and non-epileptic seizures, neurological complaints, is still a subject of debates until this day. Broad sharp waves (BSW) are rarely recognizable EEG pattern, not applicated, currently in an international directory of clinical electroencephalography. The aim of our study was the primary, a retrospective survey of pediatric patients (3 to 18 years) to confirm or to refute the data that plays a pattern BSW has the predictive value for the detection of epilepsy, and that it can be named as independent pattern in the EEG references. Matherials and methods. There were made 244 routine electroencephalography in length from 15 to 40 minutes for children aged 3 to 18 years from March 2013 to March 2014. That children were the patients of Psychoneurology department in Toushinskaya Childhood City Hospital, study was conducted at the child in a state of restful alertness of the patient and included the routine recording and three functional tests: a test with a closingopening eye; photostimulation and hyperventilation for three minutes. Data were analyzed retrospectively, and included the collection of these data – age, sex of the child, the type of dominant EEG rhythm, frequency of the alpha rhythm, guides and complaints diagnoses at admission, the presence of one or another of epileptic activity on the EEG localization of pathological elements on EEG, changes in the imaging, neurological clinic patient complaints. Results. Broad sharp wave pattern (BSW) was detected in 31 (12.7%) patient's routine EEG of 244 collected during the calendar year. BSWs were localized in the fronto-temporal region in 12 cases, in 12 cases – in the fronto-central region. Wherein – at least in 7 (22.6%) out of 31 cases were found changes during neuroimaging of the brain of the patient. In 6 cases, the admission of the child was developed by a generalized tonic or tonic-clonic seizure, in 4 cases – there were not attacks – there were routine EEGs, in 1 case – a simple dialeptic attack. Conclusions. It can be presumed that the BSW – specific focal pattern registrering in the EEG in patients, mainly with complaints of epileptic character, in anamnaesis morbie, the predominantly observed generalized clonic-tonic and / or tonic seizures. Quite often, during neuroimaging at these patients there have been revealed various changes. The BSWs is mainly characteristic of the frontal, frontotemporal or fronto-central regions. Thus, the pattern stitch is likely to play a predictive value for the detection of epilepsy, as an indicator of acute and / or remote brain damage. Pattern BSW requires further study, the randomized treatment and cross-sectional studies of patients and in the future may be may be recognized as an independent pattern.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Интерпретирование графоэлементов ЭЭГ у больных с эпилептическими и неэпилептическими припадками, жалобами неврологического профиля остается предметом дискуссий и по сей день. Широкие – острые волны (ШОВ) являются редко распознаваемым паттерном ЭЭГ, не внесенным на данный момент в международные справочники по клинической электроэнцефалографии. Целью нашего исследования было первичное, отчасти, ретроспективное обследование пациентов детского возраста (от 3 до 18 лет) для подтверждения или опровержения данных о том, что паттерн ШОВ играет предиктивное значение для выявления эпилепсии и может называться самостоятельным паттерном в электроэнцефалографических справочниках. Материалы и методы. С марта 2013 г. по март 2014 г. были проведены 244 рутинные электроэнцефалографии длиной от 15 до 40 мин. детям в возрасте от 3 до 18 лет. Дети – пациенты отделения психоневрологии Тушинской детской городской больницы (ТДГБ), исследование проводилось в состоянии бодрствующего покоя пациента и включало в себя рутинную запись и три функциональные пробы, проба с закрыванием-открыванием глаз, фотостимуляцией и гипервентиляцией в течение трех минут. Анализ данных проводился ретроспективно и включал в себя сбор следующих данных – возраст, пол ребенка, тип доминирующей ритмики на ЭЭГ, частота альфа-ритма, направляющие диагнозы и жалобы при поступлении в стационар, наличие той или иной эпилептической активности на ЭЭГ, локализацию патологических графоэлементов на ЭЭГ, наличие изменений при нейровизуализации, клинику неврологических жалоб пациента. Результаты. Паттерн «широкая – острая волна» (ШОВ) был обнаружен в 31 (12,7%) рутинном исследовании ЭЭГ пациентов из 244, собранных в течение календарного года. Широкие – острые волны были локализованы в лобновисочной области у 12 пациентов, в 12 случаях – в лобно-центральной области. При этом как минимум в 7 (22,6%) случаях из 31 были найдены изменения при проведении нейровизуализации головного мозга пациента. В шести случаях поступления в стационар у ребенка развивался генерализованный тонический или тонико-клонический приступ, в четырех случаях – приступов не было, ЭЭГ проводилось планово, в одном случае – был зафиксирован простой диалептический приступ. Выводы. Можно предположить, что ШОВ – специфический фокальный паттерн, встречающийся на ЭЭГ у пациентов, преимущественно с жалобами эпилептического профиля (часто – эпилепсия в анамнезе), у которых в анамнезе в основном наблюдаются генерализованные клонико-тонические и/или тонические приступы. Довольно часто на нейровизуализации у этих пациентов выявляются различные изменения. При этом ШОВ преимущественно характерен для лобных, лобно-височных или лобно-центральных областей. Таким образом, паттерн ШОВ, вероятно, играет предиктивное значение для выявления эпилепсии, являясь индикатором острого и/или отдаленного поражения головного мозга. Паттерн ШОВ требует дальнейшего исследования, рандомизированной обработки и перекрестных исследований пациентов и в будущем может быть признан самостоятельным паттерном.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>паттерн</kwd><kwd>зета-волны</kwd><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>широкая - острая волна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electroencephalography</kwd><kwd>pattern</kwd><kwd>zeta-wave</kwd><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>broad sharp wave</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев Е.И., Гехт А.Б., Хаузер В.А., Мильчакова Л.Е., Чурилин Ю.Ю. Эпидемиология эпилепсии в России. 2011; 77-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev E.I., Gekht A.B., Khauzer V.A., Mil'chakova L.E., Churilin Yu.Yu. Epidemiology of epilepsy in Russia [Epidemiologiya epilepsii v Rossii (in Russian)]. 2011; 77-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухин К.Ю., Петрухин А.С., Миронов М.Б. Эпилептические синдромы. Диагностика и терапия. Справочное руководство для врачей. М. 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhin K.Yu., Petrukhin A.S., Mironov M.B. Epileptic syndromes. Diagnosis and Therapy. Reference Guide for physicians [Epilepticheskie sindromy. Diagnostika i terapiya. Spravochnoe rukovodstvo dlya vrachei (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрухин А.С., Мухин К.Ю., Благосклонова Н.К., Алиханов А.А. Эпилептология детского возраста. М. 2000; 623 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrukhin A.S., Mukhin K.Yu., Blagosklonova N.K., Alikhanov A.A. Epileptology childhood [Epileptologiya detskogo vozrasta (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2000; 623 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avoli M., Gloor P., Kostopoulos G., Gotman J. An analysis of penicillin-induced generalized spike-and-wave discharges using simultaneous recording of cortical and thalamic single units. J Neurophysiol. 1983; 50: 819-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avoli M., Gloor P., Kostopoulos G., Gotman J. An analysis of penicillin-induced generalized spike-and-wave discharges using simultaneous recording of cortical and thalamic single units. J Neurophysiol. 1983; 50: 819-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer G., Bauer R., Dobesberger J., Unterberger I., Ortler M., Ndayisaba J.P., Trinka E. Departments of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2008 Oct; 25 (5): 250-4 Broad sharp waves-an underrecognized EEG pattern in patients with epileptic seizures.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer G., Bauer R., Dobesberger J., Unterberger I., Ortler M., Ndayisaba J.P., Trinka E. Departments of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2008 Oct; 25 (5): 250-4 Broad sharp waves-an underrecognized EEG pattern in patients with epileptic seizures.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bancaud J., Talairach J., Geier S., Bonis A., Trottier S., Manrique M. Behavioral manifestations induced by electric stimulation of the anterior cingulate gyrus in man. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1976; 132: 705-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bancaud J., Talairach J., Geier S., Bonis A., Trottier S., Manrique M. Behavioral manifestations induced by electric stimulation of the anterior cingulate gyrus in man. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1976; 132: 705-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatrian G.E., Bergamini L., Dondey M. et al. A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical electroencephalographers. EEG Clin Neyrophysiol. 1974; 37: 538-548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatrian G.E., Bergamini L., Dondey M. et al. A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical electroencephalographers. EEG Clin Neyrophysiol. 1974; 37: 538-548.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eftekhari S., Mehrabi S. et al. BDNF modifies hippocampal KCC2 and NKCC1 expression in a temporal lobe epilepsy model. Acta Neurobiol Exp. 2014, 74: 276-287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eftekhari S., Mehrabi S. et al. BDNF modifies hippocampal KCC2 and NKCC1 expression in a temporal lobe epilepsy model. Acta Neurobiol Exp. 2014, 74: 276-287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francis L. McNaughton – report in issue No. Epilepsia. 1966; 1 (7): 80-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francis L. McNaughton – report in issue No. Epilepsia. 1966; 1 (7): 80-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geiger L.R., Harner R.N. EEG patterns at the time of focal seizure onset. Arch Neurol. 1978; 35: 276-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geiger L.R., Harner R.N. EEG patterns at the time of focal seizure onset. Arch Neurol. 1978; 35: 276-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gloor P. Generalized cortico-reticular epilepsies. Some considerations on the pathophysiology of generalized bilaterally synchronous spike and wave discharge. Epilepsia. 1968 Sep; 9 (3): 249-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gloor P. Generalized cortico-reticular epilepsies. Some considerations on the pathophysiology of generalized bilaterally synchronous spike and wave discharge. Epilepsia. 1968 Sep; 9 (3): 249-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halasz P. Generalized epilepsy with spikewave paroxysms as an epileptic disorder of the function of sleep promotion. Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung. 1981; 57 (1): 51-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halasz P. Generalized epilepsy with spikewave paroxysms as an epileptic disorder of the function of sleep promotion. Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung. 1981; 57 (1): 51-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu J.S., Wang J.H., Zhou J., Tang X.H., Xu L., Shen T., Wu X.Y., Hong Z. Enhanced brain delivery of lamotrigine with Pluronic® P123based nanocarrier. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2014; 9: 3923-3935.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu J.S., Wang J.H., Zhou J., Tang X.H., Xu L., Shen T., Wu X.Y., Hong Z. Enhanced brain delivery of lamotrigine with Pluronic® P123based nanocarrier. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2014; 9: 3923-3935.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnus O. Reunion Europeend’information. Marseille. 1-5 September 1970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnus O. Reunion Europeend’information. Marseille. 1-5 September 1970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magnus O.,Van der Holst M. Zeta waves: a special type of slow delta waves. EEG Clin Neurophysiol. 1987; 67: 140-146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magnus O.,Van der Holst M. Zeta waves: a special type of slow delta waves. EEG Clin Neurophysiol. 1987; 67: 140-146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcus E.M., Watson C.W., Simon S.A. An experimental model of some varieties of petit mal epilepsy: electrical-behavioral correlations of acute bilateral epileptogenic foci in cerebral cortex. Epilepsia. 1968; 9: 233-248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcus E.M., Watson C.W., Simon S.A. An experimental model of some varieties of petit mal epilepsy: electrical-behavioral correlations of acute bilateral epileptogenic foci in cerebral cortex. Epilepsia. 1968; 9: 233-248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meldrum B.S., Rogawski M.A. Molecular Targets for Antiepileptic Drug Development. Neurotherapeutics. 2007 January; 4 (1): 18-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meldrum B.S., Rogawski M.A. Molecular Targets for Antiepileptic Drug Development. Neurotherapeutics. 2007 January; 4 (1): 18-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noachtar S., Binnie C., Ebersole J. et al. A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical electro encephalographers and proposal for the report form for the EEG findings. In: Deuschl G., Eisen A., eds. Reccomendations for the Practice of Clinical Neurophysiology: Guidelines of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2nd ed. Amsterdam. 1999: 21-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noachtar S., Binnie C., Ebersole J. et al. A glossary of terms most commonly used by clinical electro encephalographers and proposal for the report form for the EEG findings. In: Deuschl G., Eisen A., eds. Reccomendations for the Practice of Clinical Neurophysiology: Guidelines of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2nd ed. Amsterdam. 1999: 21-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollen D.A., Perot P., Reid K.H. Experimental bilateral wave and spike from thalamic stimulation in relation to level of arousal. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol. 1963; 15: 1017-1028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollen D.A., Perot P., Reid K.H. Experimental bilateral wave and spike from thalamic stimulation in relation to level of arousal. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol. 1963; 15: 1017-1028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stefan H., Snead O.C. In: Engel J., Pedley T.A., editors. Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia. 1997: 79-590.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stefan H., Snead O.C. In: Engel J., Pedley T.A., editors. Epilepsy: a comprehensive textbook. Philadelphia. 1997: 79-590.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Timofeev I., Steriade M. Neocortical seizures: initiation, development and cessation – commentary in Neuroscience. 2004; 123: 299-336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timofeev I., Steriade M. Neocortical seizures: initiation, development and cessation. Neuroscience. 2004; 123: 299-336.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams D.A. Study of thalamic and cortical rhythms in petit mal. Brain 1953; 76: 50-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams D.A. Study of thalamic and cortical rhythms in petit mal. Brain. 1953; 76: 50-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
