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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2026.255</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-1310</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prevalence of clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome in patients with epilepsy treated with antiepileptic drugs (a pilot study)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Частота встречаемости клинических проявлений метаболического синдрома у пациентов с эпилепсией на фоне приема противоэпилептических препаратов (пилотное исследование)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5895-1778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пекарец</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pekarets</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пекарец Николай Александрович.</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург 192019; ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1, Иркутск 664003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai A. Pekarets.</p><p>3 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019; 1 Krasnogo Vosstaniya Str., Irkutsk 664003</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2840-837X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnayder</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шнайдер Наталья Алексеевна - д.м.н., проф.</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург 192019; ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 1, Красноярск 660022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Shnayder - Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.</p><p>3 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019; 1 Partizan Zheleznyak Str., Krasnoyarsk 660022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID M-7084-2014, Scopus Author ID 24503222300</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naschnaider@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-2704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михайлов Владимир Алексеевич - д.м.н., проф.</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург 192019</p><p>WoS ResearcherID B-3272-2017</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Mikhailov - Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.</p><p>3 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019</p><p>WoS ResearcherID B-3272-2017</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-0239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровина</surname><given-names>С. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коровина Светлана Александровна - к.м.н.</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург 192019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana А. Korovina – PhD.</p><p>3 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-9434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насырова</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasyrova</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насырова Регина Фаритовна - д.м.н.</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург 192019</p><p>WoS ResearcherID H-7787-2016</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina F. Nasyrova - Dr. Sci. Med.</p><p>3 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019</p><p>WoS ResearcherID H-7787-2016</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8279-4198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадер</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bader</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бадер Виолетта Владимировна.</p><p>ул. Бехтерева, д. 3, Санкт-Петербург 192019; наб. Обводного канала, д. 9, Санкт-Петербург 191167</p><p>Scopus Author ID 58076147700</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Violetta V. Bader.</p><p>3 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019; 9 Obvodnoy Channel Emb., Saint Petersburg 191167</p><p>Scopus Author ID 58076147700</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-5179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быков Юрий Николаевич - д.м.н., проф.</p><p>ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1, Иркутск 664003</p><p>WoS ResearcherID S-6938-2016, Scopus Author ID 57200671414</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury N. Bykov - Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.</p><p>9 Obvodnoy Channel Emb., Saint Petersburg 191167</p><p>WoS ResearcherID S-6938-2016, Scopus Author ID 57200671414</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5934-3449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пекарец</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pekarets</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пекарец Наталья Игоревна.</p><p>ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1, Иркутск 664003</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Pekarets.</p><p>9 Obvodnoy Channel Emb., Saint Petersburg 191167</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology; Irkutsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology; Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Городской эпилептический центр, Санкт-Петербургское государственное казенное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская психиатрическая больница № 6 (стационар с диспансером)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology; City Epilepsy Center, City Psychiatric Hospital No. 6 (Inpatient Facility with a Dispensary)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pekarets N.A., Shnayder N.A., Mikhailov V.A., Korovina S.A., Nasyrova R.F., Bader V.V., Bykov Y.N., Pekarets N.I., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пекарец Н.А., Шнайдер Н.А., Михайлов В.А., Коровина С.A., Насырова Р.Ф., Бадер В.В., Быков Ю.Н., Пекарец Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pekarets N.A., Shnayder N.A., Mikhailov V.A., Korovina S.A., Nasyrova R.F., Bader V.V., Bykov Y.N., Pekarets N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1310">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1310</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Pharmacotherapy of secondary metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) remains unresolved issue in epileptology. The mechanisms of development and incidence of metabolic disorders (changes in eating behavior, weight gain, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disturbances, etc.) in patients with epilepsy taking AEDs long-term remain poorly understood. AED-induced MetS (AED-MetS) impairs quality of life and reduces life expectancy in patients with epilepsy, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and abdominal obesity.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To investigate incidence of metabolic disorders induced by long-term use of AEDs of various generations in monotherapy and polytherapy regimens in adult patients with epilepsy.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. A pilot, single-center, open-label, observational, clinical, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in patients with epilepsy taking valproic acid (VPA), lamotrigine (LTG), and levetiracetam (LEV). The total sample consisted of 60 participants, including 45 patients with epilepsy (study group) and 15 clinically healthy volunteers (control group). Patients in main group were divided into subgroups based on the prescribed AED. The mean age of the participants was 37.5±12.6 years. The scope of the research included a clinical somatic and neurological examination, anthropometry (height, weight, waist and hip circumferencеs), a pharmacological history, as well as clinical and biochemical blood tests (serum biomarker analysis, AED-MetS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that AED-MetS anthropometric biomarkers peaked for body mass index (p=0.015), waist circumference (p=0.048), and hip circumference (p=0.024), which were significantly higher in the VPA subgroup compared to control group. In contrast, no such changes were observed in LTG and LEV subgroups when compared to control group (p&gt;0.05). Abdominal fat distribution was significantly more common in VPA subgroup compared to newer-generation AEDs (LTG and LEV) and control group. C-reactive protein with significantly higher level in VPA subgroup (p=0.02) was most sensitive laboratory biomarker for AED-MetS, confirming the role for AED-induced systemic inflammation in developing metabolic disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The prevalence of the examined AED-induced metabolic disorders was higher in patients receiving VPA vs. LTG and LEV. However, AED-MetS laboratory (biochemical) biomarkers excepting C-reactive protein, had no clinical significance. Thus, it may account for a need to search for new specific and sensitive AED-MetS biomarkers to be introduced in real-world clinical practice.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Нерешенной проблемой в эпилептологии является фармакотерапия вторичного метаболического синдрома (МетС), индуцированного противоэпилептическими препаратами (ПЭП). Механизмы развития и частота встречаемости метаболических расстройств (изменение пищевого поведения, повышение веса, нарушение липидного и углеводного обменов и т.д.) у пациентов с эпилепсией, длительно принимающих ПЭП, остаются недостаточно изученными. МетС, индуцированный приемом ПЭП (ПЭП-МетС), ухудшает качество и уменьшает продолжительность жизни пациентов с эпилепсией, повышая риск возникновения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, сахарного диабета 2-го типа и абдоминального ожирения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучение частоты встречаемости метаболических расстройств, индуцированных длительным приемом ПЭП различных генераций в режимах монотерапии и политерапии, у взрослых пациентов с эпилепсией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено пилотное одноцентровое открытое обсервационное клиническое кросс-секционное (поперечное) сравнительное исследование с участием пациентов с эпилепсией, принимающих препараты вальпроевой кислоты (ВК), ламотриджина (ЛТД) и леветирацетама (ЛЕВ). Общая выборка составила 60 участников, включая 45 пациентов с эпилепсией (основная группа) и 15 клинически здоровых добровольцев (контрольная группа). Распределение пациентов основной группы на подгруппы проведено в зависимости от принимаемого ПЭП. Средний возраст участников составил 37,5±12,6 года. Объем исследований включал клинический соматический и неврологический осмотр, антропометрию (рост, масса тела, окружности талии и бедер), сбор фармакологическийого анамнеза, клинический и биохимический анализы крови (исследование сывороточных биомаркеров ПЭП-МетС).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наибольшие значения в качестве антропометрических биомаркеров ПЭП-МетС имели индекс массы тела (p=0,015), окружность талии (p=0,048) и окружность бедер (p=0,024), показатели которых были статистически значимо выше в подгруппе ВК по сравнению с контролем. Антропометрические биомаркеры ПЭП-МетС в подгруппах ЛТД и ЛЕВ не продемонстрировали значимых различий по сравнению с контрольной группой (р&gt;0,05). Абдоминальный тип распределения жира статистически значимо чаще встречался в подгруппе ВК по сравнению с ПЭП новых генераций (ЛТД и ЛЕВ) и группой контроля. Наиболее чувствительным лабораторным биомаркером ПЭП-МетС оказался С-реактивный белок, уровень которого был статистически значимо выше у пациентов с эпилепсией, принимающих ВК (p=0,02), что подтверждает роль ПЭП-индуцированного системного воспаления в развитии метаболических расстройств.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Частота встречаемости изученных ПЭП-индуцированных метаболических расстройств выше у пациентов, получающих препараты ВК, по сравнению с ЛТД и ЛЕВ. Однако изученные лабораторные (биохимические) биомаркеры ПЭП-МетС не имели клинической значимости, кроме С-реактивного белка. Это объясняет необходимость поиска новых специфических и чувствительных биомаркеров ПЭП-МетС и внедрения их в реальную клиническую практику эпилептолога.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>противоэпилептический препарат</kwd><kwd>метаболическое расстройство</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>нежелательная реакция</kwd><kwd>абдоминальное ожирение</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>antiepileptic drug</kwd><kwd>metabolic disorder</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>adverse reaction</kwd><kwd>abdominal obesity</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Epilepsy: a public health imperative. 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