epilepsiaEpilepsy and paroxysmal conditionsЭпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния2077-83332311-4088IRBIS LLC10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2026.233epilepsia-1314Research ArticleSCIENTIFIC SURVEYSНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫA new twist in the story of neurochemical communication: co-transmissionНовый поворот в истории нейрохимической коммуникации: котрансмиссияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-2712НарвалС.NarwalS.

Нарвал Сангита - фармацевтический факультет, Университет Баба Мастнатх; кафедра фармацевтических наук, Университет Индиры Ганди.

Рохтак, Харьяна 124021; Мирпур, Ревари, Харьяна 122502

Sangeeta Narwal.

Rohtak, Haryana 124021; Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana 122502

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-1857АрораС.AroraS.

Арора Сунайна - факультет фармацевтических наук.

Гуруграм, Харьяна 122413

Sunaina Arora.

Gurugram, Haryana 122413

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8054-695XКумариП.KumariP.

Кумари Парвин - факультет фармацевтических наук.

Гуруграм, Харьяна 122413

Parveen Kumari.

Gurugram, Haryana 122413

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4700-4319ДандхаT.DandhaT.

Дханда Тилак - кафедра химии.

Бахадургарх, Харьяна 124507

Scopus Author ID 57211993393

Tilak Dhanda.

Bahadurgarh, Haryana 124507

Scopus Author ID 57211993393

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6829-359XДханкхарС.DhankharS.

Дханкар Санчит - доктор философии, фармацевтический колледж Читкара.

Пенджаб 140401

WoS ResearcherID HOA-8361-2023, Scopus Author ID 58109499600

Sanchit Dhankhar - PhD.

Punjab 140401

WoS ResearcherID HOA-8361-2023, Scopus Author ID 58109499600

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9539-3139ШармаП.SharmaP.

Шарма Прерна – доцент.

Курукшетра, Харьяна 136118

Prerna Sharma - Assoc. Prof.

Kurukshetra, Haryana 136118

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-3481РаниН.RaniN.

Рани Нидхи - магистр фармацевтики, доктор философии, доцент, фармацевтический колледж Читкара.

Пенджаб 140401

Nidhi Rani - M. Pharm., PhD, Assoc. Prof.

Punjab 140401

nidhiprajapati8@gmail.comУниверситет Баба Мастнатх; Университет Индиры ГандиИндияSchool of Pharmacy, Baba Mastnath University; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi UniversityIndiaУниверситет СтарексИндияSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Starex UniversityIndiaУниверситет PDMИндияDepartment of Chemistry, PDM UniversityIndiaУниверситет ЧиткараИндияChitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara UniversityIndiaУниверситет Шри Кришны АЮШИндияShri Kirishna AYUSH UniversityIndia2026250420261814861Copyright © Narwal S., Arora S., Kumari P., Dandha T., Dhankhar S., Sharma P., Rani N., 20262026Нарвал С., Арора С., Кумари П., Дандха T., Дханкхар С., Шарма П., Рани Н.Narwal S., Arora S., Kumari P., Dandha T., Dhankhar S., Sharma P., Rani N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1314

A substantial amount of progress has been made in the field of neurohumoral transmission, which has led to the disclosure of precise details regarding the communication mechanisms that occur within the neurological system. This review article gives an extensive analysis of neurohumoral transmission, focusing on the evolving concept of co-transmission and its implications for understanding psychiatric disorders in adolescents. It first provides details on classical neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid and their role in neuronal communication. Recent research findings have shown that many neurons have the ability to simultaneously release one or more than one neurotransmitter, a phenomenon termed as co-transmission and seem to add complexity to how signals are processed through the nervous system. This phenomenon raises important implications in adolescent psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, which inevitably worsen during this stage of critical development. Recent findings suggest that diminished neurotransmitter co-transmission in certain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, might be associated with some of these impaired cognitive and emotional regulatory processes. Understanding these complex mechanisms might provide insights into the development of effective treatments targeting several neurotransmitter systems simultaneously-especially during adolescence, when the brain is particularly sensitive to chemical interactions. This review integrates recent findings into a discussion on their implications for treatment strategies, and it hints at new pharmacological interventions directed at modulating co-transmission pathways that can enhance mental health outcomes in adolescents.

В области нейрогуморальной передачи достигнут значительный прогресс, что привело к описанию неизвестных деталей процессов коммуникации, происходящих в нервной системе. В настоящем обзоре представлен подробный анализ нейрогуморальной передачи, особое внимание уделено развивающейся концепции котрансмиссии и ее значению для понимания психических расстройств у подростков. Приводятся сведения о классических нейромедиаторах (ацетилхолине, серотонине, дофамине, глутамате и гамма-аминомасляной кислоте), а также об их роли в нейронной коммуникации. Недавние исследования показали, что многие нейроны способны одновременно высвобождать один или несколько нейромедиаторов (явление, известное как котрансмиссия), что может усложнять обработку сигналов в нервной системе. Котрансмиссия имеет большое значение для развития психических расстройств у подростков, таких как депрессия, тревожность, шизофрения, синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности и расстройства аутистического спектра, которые неизбежно усугубляются на данном критическом этапе развития. Последние исследования показывают, что снижение котрансмиссии нейротрансмиттеров в ряде анатомических областей, таких как префронтальная кора, может быть связано с некоторыми из указанных нарушений когнитивных и эмоциональных регуляторных процессов. Понимание этих сложных механизмов будет способствовать разработке эффективных методов лечения, направленных на одновременное воздействие на несколько нейротрансмиттерных систем, особенно в подростковом возрасте, когда мозг особенно восприимчив к химическим воздействиям. В обзоре обобщены последние данные, продемонстрировано их значение для стратегий лечения, представлены новые фармакологические вмешательства, направленные на модулирование путей котрансмиссии, которые могут улучшить показатели психического здоровья у подростков.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.