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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2026.273</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-1348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The relationship between electroencephalography characteristics and intellectual development indicators in self-limited focal childhood epilepsy (pilot study)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь характеристик электроэнцефалограммы и показателей интеллектуального развития при возраст-зависимых фокальных эпилепсиях детства (пилотное исследование)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9061-5319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маслов Максим Сергеевич</p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, стр. 7, Москва 117513</p><p>ул. Оборонная, д. 21, Тула 300041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim S. Maslov </p><p>1 bldg 7 Ostrovityanov Str., Moscow 117513</p><p>21 Oboronnaya Str., Tula 300041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sir.mistermax@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-3739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Холин Алексей Александрович, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7004225460</p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, стр. 7, Москва 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kholin A. Alexey, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof. </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7004225460</p><p>1 bldg 7 Ostrovityanov Str., Moscow 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-7422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заваденко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavadenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заваденко Николай Николаевич, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>ул. Островитянова, д. 1, стр. 7, Москва 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Zavadenko, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof. </p><p>1 bldg 7 Ostrovityanov Str., Moscow 117513</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» &#13;
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Государственное учреждение здравоохранения «Детская городская клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University ; Tula Children's City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» &#13;
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>141–152</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Maslov M.S., Kholin A.A., Zavadenko N.N., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маслов М.С., Холин А.А., Заваденко Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maslov M.S., Kholin A.A., Zavadenko N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1348">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/1348</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Self-limited (age-dependent) focal epilepsies (SeLFE) are characterized by a relatively favorable course, a good response to antiepileptic medications, and spontaneous self-resolution during puberty. They are characterized by detecting a specific electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern – benign epileptiform discharges of childhood, with their prevalence tending to increase during slow-wave sleep, extending to extremely high degree in some cases. Literature data report about certain transient and persistent impairments of higher mental functions in patients with SeLFE, primarily in the areas of speech, memory, attention, and educational performance. In this regard, a significant role is attributed to EEG-recorded epileptiform activity, especially during video-EEG monitoring. However, studies with objective evidence base assessing an impact of epileptiform activity on intellectual development in patients with SeLFE are currently sparse, whereas the results of available reports are extremely contradictory in most cases being limited to examining self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To determine an impact of various EEG parameters on intellectual development in patients with SeLFE syndromes.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study group included 41 children with SeLFE diagnosed based on medical history, neurological, and instrumental examinations in accordance with the 2022 International League Against Epilepsy criteria. All children underwent video-EEG monitoring in sleep state with spike-wave index (SWI) calculation, assessed location and quantity of epileptiform foci, as well as with comprehensively analyzed intellectual functions using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 2 and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale 2. The control group consisted of 30 children with no history of neuropsychiatric disorders or EEG changes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. One EEG epileptiform focus was recorded in 20 (48.8%) patients, while 21 (51.2%) subjects had two or more epileptiform foci. Left hemisphere discharges were detected in 11 (26.8%) children, right hemisphere discharges – in 8 (19.6%), and bilateral discharges – in 22 (53.6%). Analysis of SWI values on sleep EEG revealed that in 13 (31.7%) patients they exceeded 50% level, with 7 (17.1%) cases showing high discharge index (≥85% of sleep recording). Correlation analysis of SWI level in different patient groups showed a wide range of negative correlations with separate indicators of intellectual development.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The SWI level is a key factor determining the intellectual impairment. Location of focal discharges determines the specific impact of SWI on cognitive functions, whereas the number of foci influences on dynamics of intellectual impairment. In some cases (especially in patients with two foci and bilateral localization), the dynamics vs. absolute rate of SWI levels is of greater importance.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Самокупирующиеся (возраст-зависимые) фокальные эпилепсии детского возраста (ВЗФЭД) характеризуются достаточно благоприятным течением, хорошим ответом на антиэпилептические препараты и саморазрешением в пубертатном периоде. Для них показательно обнаружение на электроэнцефалографии (ЭЭГ) специфического графоэлемента – доброкачественных эпилептиформных разрядов (паттернов) детства, представленность которых имеет тенденцию к увеличению в период медленноволнового сна. В литературе сообщается о транзиторных и персистирующих нарушениях высших психических функций у пациентов с ВЗФЭД, преимущественно в сферах речи, памяти, внимания и успеваемости в учебе. Существенную роль в этом отводят регистрирующейся на ЭЭГ эпилептиформной активности, особенно при проведении видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга. Однако работ с объективной доказательной базой о влиянии эпилептиформной активности на интеллектуальное развитие пациентов с ВЗФЭД на сегодня недостаточно, а результаты имеющихся исследований крайне противоречивы и в основном ограничены изучением синдрома ВЗФЭД с центротемпоральными спайками.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определить особенности влияния различных параметров ЭЭГ на показатели интеллектуального развития у пациентов с синдромами ВЗФЭД.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В группу исследования включен 41 ребенок с диагностированным синдромом ВЗФЭД. Диагноз устанавливали на основании данных анамнеза, неврологического и инструментального обследований в соответствии с критериями Международной Противоэпилептической Лиги 2022 г. Всем детям выполнен видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинг сна с подсчетом спайк-волнового индекса (англ. spike-wave index, SWI), оценкой локализации и количества очагов эпилептиформной активности, проведено комплексное исследование интеллектуальных функций с использованием теста интеллекта Векслера (детский вариант) и шкалы адаптивного поведения Вайнленд. Контрольную группу составили 30 детей, не имеющих в анамнезе нервно-психических нарушений и изменений на ЭЭГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У 20 (48,8%) пациентов на ЭЭГ зарегистрирован один очаг эпилептиформной активности, у 21 (51,2%) – два и более очагов. Очаги в левой гемисфере обнаружены у 11 (26,8%) детей, в правой гемисфере – у 8 (19,6%), билатеральное расположение очагов отмечено у 22 (53,6%) участников. При анализе значений SWI на ЭЭГ сна у 13 (31,7%) пациентов значения превышали 50%, при этом у 7 (17,1%) индекс разрядов был высоким (≥85% записи сна).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Значение SWI является ключевым фактором, определяющим интеллектуальные нарушения. Локализация очага определяет специфику влияния SWI на когнитивные функции, в то время как количество очагов оказывает воздействие на динамику интеллектуальных нарушений. В некоторых случаях (особенно у пациентов с двумя очагами и билатеральной локализацией) динамика значений SWI имеет большее значение, чем его абсолютные показатели.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>возраст-зависимая фокальная эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальное развитие</kwd><kwd>адаптивное поведение</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинг</kwd><kwd>спайк-волновой индекс</kwd><kwd>спайк-волновая активация во сне</kwd><kwd>доброкачественные эпилептиформные разряды детства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>self-limited focal epilepsies</kwd><kwd>intellectual development</kwd><kwd>adaptive behavior</kwd><kwd>electroencephalography</kwd><kwd>video-EEG  monitoring</kwd><kwd>spike-wave index</kwd><kwd>spike-and-wave activation in sleep</kwd><kwd>benign epileptiform discharges of childhood</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Specchio N., Wirrell E.C., Scheffer I.E., et al. 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