<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.1.051-061</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-334</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC SURVEYS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПОБОЧНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ АНТИЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Ирина Юрьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, профессор кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики лечебного факультета.</p><p>Ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва, 117997, Тел.: +7(495)4343690</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kovaleva Irina Jur’evna – MD, PhD, Professor  in the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics at Medical Faculty.</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova str., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinakov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kovaleva I.Y., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалева И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovaleva I.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/334">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/334</self-uri><abstract><p>Antiepileptic drugs are frequently associated with a risk of adverse effects,  which have an impact on the tolerability and success of treatment. Patients who develop intolerable adverse effects have to discontinue treatment early after initiation or to switch to another antiepileptic drug. A long-term management  strategy for the patients with such a long-lasting chronic disease  as epilepsy should include both effective  seizure control and early detection  of adverse drug events, ensuring prognosis, prevention and minimizing side effects,  which is quite important. All these measures  are expected to improve adherence to treatment, quality of patients’ life and control of epilepsy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Зачастую использование антиэпилептических препаратов ассоциируется с риском развития нежелательных явлений,  непосредственно влияющих на переносимость и успех лечения  в целом.  Пациенты с выраженными нежелательными явлениями вынуждены преждевременно прекращать лечение  или менять лекарственный препарат. Долговременная стратегия ведения  пациентов с таким длительно текущим заболеванием, как эпилепсия, должна включать не только достижение контроля над приступами, но и максимально  раннее выявление нежелательных явлений, предупреждение, прогнозирование и минимизацию проявлений побочных  эффектов. Это позволит улучшить приверженность к лечению,  качество жизни пациентов и достигнуть контроля над эпилепсией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лечение эпилепсии</kwd><kwd>нежелательные явления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antiepileptic treatment</kwd><kwd>adverse effects</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронкова К. В., Петрухин А. С. и соавт. Рациональная антиэпилептическая терапия. М. 2008; 191 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronkova K. V., Petrukhin A. S. et al. Rational antiepileptic therapy [Ratsional’naya antiepilepticheskaya terapiya (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2008; 191 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карлов В. А. Эпилепсия у детей и взрослых мужчин и женщин Руководство для врачей. М. 2010; 718 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlov V. A. Epilepsy in children and adult men and women. Guide for physicians [Epilepsiya u detei i vzroslykh muzhchin i zhenshchin Rukovodstvo  dlya vrachei (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2010; 718 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee P. N., Filippi D., Hauser W. A. The descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy: a review. Epilepsia. 2009; 85 (1): 31-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee P. N., Filippi D., Hauser W. A. The descriptive epidemiology of epilepsu:a review. Epilepsia. 2009; 85 (1): 31-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joannessen Landmark C., Larsson P. G. et al. Antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy and other disoders: a population-based study of prescriptions. Epilepsy Res. 2009; 87 (1): 31-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joannessen Landmark C., Larsson P. G. et al. Antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy and other disoders: a population-based study of prescriptions. Epilepsy Res. 2009; 87 (1): 31-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев Е. И., Белоусов Ю. Б., Гехт А. Б. и соавт. Лечение эпилепсии: рациональное дозирование антиконвульсантов. СПб. 2000. 201 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev E. I., Belousov Yu.B., Gekht A. B. et al. Treatment of epilepsy: rational dosing of anticonvulsants [Lechenie epilepsii: ratsional’noe dozirovanie antikonvul’santov (in Russian)]. SPb. 2000; 201 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зенков Л. Р. Противосудорожная терапия может утяжелять течение эпилепсии. Неврологический журнал. 2007; 12 (3): 8-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zenkov L. R. Anticonvulsant therapy may aggravate the course of epilepsy. Nevrologicheskii zhurnal. 2007; 12 (3): 8-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухин К. Ю., Петрухин А. С., Рыкова Е. А. Побочные эффекты антиконвульсантов при лечении идиопатической генерализованной эпилепсии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии. 1997; 7: 25-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhin  K. Yu., Petrukhin A. S., Rykova E. A. Adverse effects of anticonvulsants in treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsy.  Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 1997; 7: 25-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perucca E. Advers effect of antiepileptic drugs. Focus Farmacovigilanza. 2012; 80 (1): 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perucca E. Adverse ef fect of antiepileptic drugs. Focus Farmacovigilanza. 2012; 80 (1): 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perucca E. et al. Adverse antiepileptic drug effects: Toward a clinically and neurobiologically relevant taxonomy. Neurology. 2009; 72: 1223-1229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perucca  E. et al. Adverse antiepileptic drug effects: Toward a clinically and neurobiologically relevant taxonomy. Neurology. 2009; 72: 1223-1229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker G. A., Middleton A., Jacoby A. et al. Initial development, reliability, and validity of a patient-based adverse event scale. Epilepsia. 1994; 35 (7): 80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker G. A., Middleton A., Jacoby  A. et al. Initial development, reliability, and validity of a patient-based adverse event scale. Epilepsia. 1994; 35 (7): 80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmitz B., Robertson M., Trimble M. R. Depression and schizophrenia in epilepsy: social and biological risk factors. Epilepsy Res. 1999; 35: 59-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmitz B., Robertson M., Trimble M. R. Depression and schizophrenia in epilepsy: social and biological risk factors. Epilepsy Res. 1999; 35: 59-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herranz J. L., Armijo J. A., Arteaga R. Clinical side effects of phenobarbital, primidon, phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate in children. Epilepsia. 1988; 29 (6): 794-804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herranz J. L., Armijo J. A., Arteaga R. Clinical side effects of phenobarbital, primidon, phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate in children. Epilepsia. 1988; 29 (6): 794-804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenfield R. L. Clinical practice: hirsuitism. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353 (24): 2578-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenfield R. L. Clinical practice: hirsuitism. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353 (24): 2578-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith M. C., Centorino F. et al. Clinical comparison of extended-release divaproex versus delaed-release divaproex: pooled data analisis from nine trials. Epilepsy Behav. 2004; 5 (5): 746-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith M. C., Centorino  F. et al. Clinical comparison of extended-release divaproex versus delaed-release divaproex: pooled data analysis from nine trials. Epilepsy Behav. 2004; 5 (5): 746-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koch-Weser J., Browne T. R. Drug therapy: valproic acid. N Engl J Med. 1980; 302 (12): 661-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koch-Weser J., Browne T. R. Drug therapy: valproic acid. N Engl J Med. 1980; 302 (12): 661-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shapiro J. Clinical practice: hair loss in women. N Engl J Med. 2017; 3579160: 1620-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapiro J. Clinical practice: hair loss in women. N Engl J Med. 2017; 3579160: 1620-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tengstrand M et al. Allopecia in association with lamotrigine use: analisis of individual case safety reports in a global database. Drug Saf. 2010; 33 (8): 653-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tengstrand M et al. Allopecia in association with lamotrigine use: analisis of individual case safety reports in a global database. Drug Saf. 2010; 33 (8): 653-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aarli J. A. Phenitoin-induced depression of salivation IgA gingival hyperplasia. Epilepsia. 1976; 17 (3): 283-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aarli J. A. Phenitoin-induced depression of salivation IgA gingival  hyperplasia. Epilepsia. 1976; 17 (3): 283-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cerminara C. et al. Hipohydrosis during topiramat treatment: a rare and reversible side effect. Pediatr Neurol. 2006; 34 (5): 392-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cerminara C. et al. Hipohydrosis during topiramate treatment: a rare and reversible side effect. Pediatr Neurol. 2006; 34 (5): 392-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leppic I. E. Practical prescribing and long-term efficacy and safety of zonisamid. Epilepsia. 2006; 68 (2): 17-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leppic I. E. Practical prescribing and long-term efficacy and safety of zonisamid. Epilepsia. 2006; 68 (2): 17-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FDA Safety Communication UCM349847, 24/04/2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FDA Safety Communication UCM349847, 24/04/2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beniczky S. A., Viken J. et al. Bone mineral density in adult patients treated with varios AEDs. Seizure. 2012; 21 (6): 471-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beniczky S. A., Viken J. et al. Bone mineral density in adult patients treated with various AEDs. Seizure. 2012; 21 (6): 471-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali I. I., Herial N. A. et al. Measurement of bone minerals density in patient on levetiracetam monotherapy. Epilepsia. 2006; 47 (4): 276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali I. I., Herial N. A. et al. Measurement of bone minerals density in patient on levetiracetam monotherapy. Epilepsia. 2006; 47 (4): 276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koo D. L., Yoo E. I. et al. Effect of levetiracetam as a monotherapy on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in patient with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2013; 104 (1-2): 134-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koo D. L., Yoo E. I. et al. Effect of levetiracetam as a monotherapy on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in patient with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2013; 104 (1-2): 134-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeToledo J.C., Toledo C. et al. Changes in body weigh with cronic, high-dose gabapentine therapy. Ther Drug Monit.1997; 19 (4): 394-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeToledo J.C., Toledo C. et al. Changes in body weight with chronic, high-dose gabapentine therapy. Ther Drug Monit.1997; 19 (4): 394-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arroyo S., Anhut H. et al. Pregabaline add-on treatment: a randomized, doubledlinde, placebo-controlled, dose-response study in adults with partial seizures. Epilepsia. 2004; 45910: 20-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arroyo S., Anhut H. et al. Pregabaline add-on treatment: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study in adults with partial seizures. Epilepsia. 2004; 45910: 20-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Menachem E. Weght issues for people with epilepsy: a review. Epilepsia. 2007; 48 (9): 42-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Menachem  E. Weight issues for people with epilepsy: a review. Epilepsia. 2007; 48 (9): 42-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jallon P., Picard F. Bodyweight gain and anticonvulsants: a comperative review. Drug saf. 2001; 24 (13): 969-78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jallon P., Picard F. Bodyweight  gain and anticonvulsants: a comparative review. Drug saf. 2001; 24 (13): 969-78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biton V., Mirza W. et al. Weigh change association with valproate and lamotrigine in patient with epilepsy. Neurology. 2001; 56 (2): 172-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biton V., Mirza W. et al. Weigh change association with valproate and lamotrigine in patient with epilepsy. Neurology. 2001; 56 (2): 172-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freitag F. G., Collins S. D. et al. A randomize trial of divalproex sodium extended-release tablets in migrein prophilaxis. Neirology. 2002; 58 (11): 1652-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freitag F. G., Collins S. D. et al. A randomize trial of divalproex sodium extended-release tablets in migrain prophilaxis. Neirology. 2002; 58 (11): 1652-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Privitera M. D., Brodie M. J. et al. Topiramate, carbamazepine and valproate monotherapy: double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2003; 107 (3): 165-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Privitera M. D., Brodie M. J. et al. Topiramate, carbamazepine and valproate monotherapy: double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2003; 107 (3): 165-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uludag I. F., Kulu U., Sner U. et al. The effect of carbamazepine treatment on serum leptin levels. Epilepsy Res. 2009; 86 (1): 48-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uludag I. F., Kulu U., Sner U. et al. The effect of carbamazepine treatment on serum leptin levels. Epilepsy Res. 2009; 86 (1): 48-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bromley R. L., Leeman B. A., Baker G. A. et al. Cognitive and neurodevelopmental effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav. 2011; 22 (1): 9-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bromley R. L., Leeman B. A., Baker G. A. et al. Cognitive and neurodevelopmental effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav. 2011; 22 (1): 9-16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verrotti A., Scaparotta A. et al. Topiramateinduced weght loss: a review. Epilepsy Res. 2011; 95 (3): 189-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verrotti A., Scaparotta  A. et al. Topiramateinduced weight loss: a review. Epilepsy Res. 2011; 95 (3): 189-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Menachem E., Axelsen M. et al. Predictors of weight loss in adults with topiramat-treated epilepsy. Obes Res. 2003; 11 (4): 556-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Menachem  E., Axelsen M. et al. Predictors of weight loss in adults with topiramat-treated epilepsy. Obes Res. 2003; 11 (4): 556-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eiris J., Novo-Rodriguetz M.I. et al. The effects on lipid and apolipoprotein serum levels on long-term carbamazepine: valproic acide and phenobarbital therapy in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2004; 41 (1): 1-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eiris J., Novo-Rodriguetz M.I. et al. The effects on lipid and apolipoprotein serum levels on long-term carbamazepine: valproic acide and phenobarbital therapy in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 2004; 41 (1): 1-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galimber ti C. A. et al. Changes in sex steroid level in women with epilepsy on treatment. 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galimberti C. A. et al. Changes in sex steroid level in women with epilepsy on treatment. 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verotti A et al. Antiepileptic drugs, sex hormones and PCOS. 2011; 52 (2): 199-211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verotti A et al. Antiepileptic drugs, sex hormones and PCOS. 2011; 52 (2): 199-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isojarvi J. Disoders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy: antiepileptic drug related mechanisms. 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isojarvi J. Disoders of reproduction in patients with epilepsy: antiepileptic drug related mechanisms. 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodie M. J. et al. Enzime induction with antiepileptic drugs: cause for concern? 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodie M. J. et al. Enzyme induction with antiepileptic drugs: cause for concern? 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaitatzis A., Sander J. W. The long-term safety of antiepileptic drugs. CNS Drugs. 2013; 27: 435-455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaitatzis A., Sander J. W. The long-term safety of antiepileptic drugs. CNS Drugs. 2013; 27: 435-455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsuura M. Epileptic psychoses and anticonvulsant drug treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999; 67: 231-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsuura M. Epileptic psychoses and anticonvulsant drug treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999; 67: 231-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mula M., Argawal A., et al. Self-reported aggressivness during treatment with LEV correlates with depression. 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mula M., Argawal A., et al. Self-reported aggressiveness during treatment with LEV correlates with depression. 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panelli R. J. et al. The Liverpool advers avents profile: relation to AED use and mood. Epilepsia. 2007; 48 (3); 456-463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panelli R. J. et al. The Liverpool adverse events profile: relation to AED use and mood. Epilepsia. 2007; 48 (3); 456-463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodie M. J., Covanis A., Gil-Nagel A. et al. Antiepileptic drug therapy: does mechanism of action matter? Epilepsy Behav. 2011; 21 (4): 331-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodie M. J., Covanis A., Gil-Nagel A. et al. Antiepileptic drug therapy: does mechanism of action matter? Epilepsy Behav. 2011; 21 (4): 331-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eddy C. M., Rickards H. E., Cavanna A. E. The cognitive impact of antiepileptic drugs. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2011; 4 (6): 385-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eddy C. M., Rickards H. E., Cavanna A. E. The cognitive impact of antiepileptic drugs. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2011; 4 (6): 385-407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riss J., Cloyd J., Gates J. et al. Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and phamacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008; 118 (2): 69-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riss J., Cloyd J., Gates J. et al. Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008; 118 (2): 69-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meador K. J., Loring O. W., Moore E. E. et al. Comparative cognitive effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate in healthy adults. Neurology. 1995; 45 (8): 1494-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meador K. J., Loring O. W., Moore E. E. et al. Comparative cognitive effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate in healthy adults. Neurology. 1995; 45 (8): 1494-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farwell J. R., Lee Y. J., Hirtz D. G. et al. Phenobarbital for febrile seizures: effects on intelligence and on seizure recurrence. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322 (6): 364-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farwell J. R., Lee Y. J., Hirtz D. G. et al. Phenobarbital for febrile seizures: effects on intelligence and on seizure recurrence. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322 (6): 364-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arif H., Buchsbaum R., Weintraub D., et al. Patient-reported cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs: predictors and comparison of all commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav. 2009; 14 (1): 202-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arif H., Buchsbaum  R., Weintraub D., et al. Patient-reported cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs: predictors and comparison of all commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav. 2009; 14 (1): 202-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White J. R., Walczak T. S., Marino S. E. et al. Zonisamide d due to psychiatric and cognitive adverse events: a case-control study. Neurology. 2010; 75 (6): 513-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White J. R., Walczak T. S., Marino S. E. et al. Zonisamide discontinuation due to psychiatric and cognitive adverse events: a case-control study. Neurology. 2010; 75 (6): 513-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bootsma H. P., Vos A. M., Hulsman J. et al. Lamotrigine in clinical practice: long-tenn experience in patients with refractory epilepsy referred to a tertiary epilepsy center. Epilepsy Behav. 2008; 12 (2): 262-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bootsma H. P., Vos A. M., Hulsman J. et al. Lamotrigine in clinical practice: long-tenn experience in patients with refractory epilepsy referred to a tertiary epilepsy center. Epilepsy Behav. 2008; 12 (2): 262-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marino S. E., Meador K. J., Loring O. W. et al. Subjective perception of cognition is related to mood and not performance. Epilepsy Behav. 2009; 14 (3): 459-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marino S. E., Meador K. J., Loring O. W. et al. Subjective perception of cognition is related to mood and not performance. Epilepsy Behav. 2009; 14 (3): 459-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luef G., Rauchenzauner M., Waldmann M. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and lipid profile in antiepileptic drug treatment. Epilepsy Res. 2009; 86 (1):42-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luef G., Rauchenzauner  M., Waldmann M. et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and lipid profile in antiepileptic drug treatment. Epilepsy Res. 2009; 86 (1):42-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verrotti A., Agostinelli S., Parisi P. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents receiving valproic acid. Epilepsy Behav. 2011; 20 (2): 382-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verrotti A., Agostinelli S., Parisi P. et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents receiving valproic acid. Epilepsy Behav. 2011; 20 (2): 382-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pellock J. M. Felbamate. Epilepsia. 1999; 40(5): 57-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pellock J. M. Felbamate. Epilepsia. 1999; 40(5): 57-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koenig S. A., Buesing D., Longin E. et al. Valproic acid-induced hepatopathy: nine new fatalities in Germany from 1994 to 2003. Epilepsia. 2006; 47 (12): 2027-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koenig S. A., Buesing D., Longin E. et al. Valproic acid-induced hepatopathy: nine new fatalities in Germany from 1994 to 2003. Epilepsia. 2006; 47 (12): 2027-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gram L., Bentsen K. D. Hepatic toxicity of antiepileptic drugs: a review. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1983; 97: 81-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gram L., Bentsen K. D. Hepatic toxicity of antiepileptic drugs: a review. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1983; 97: 81-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E. Björnsson. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiepileptic drugs. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008; 118: 281-290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E. Björnsson. Hepatotoxicity associated with antiepileptic drugs. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008; 118: 281-290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Binek J., Hany A., Heer M. Valproic-acidinduced pancreatitis: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991; 13 (6): 690-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Binek J., Hany A., Heer M. Valproic-acidinduced pancreatitis: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991; 13 (6): 690-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pellock JM, Wilder BJ, Deaton R, et al. Acute pancreatitis coincident with valproate use: a critical review. Epilepsia. 2002; 43 (11): 1421-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pellock J. M., Wilder B. J., Deaton R. et al. Acute pancreatitis coincident with valproate use: a critical review. Epilepsia. 2002; 43 (11): 1421-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asconape J. J., Penry J. K., Dreifuss F. E. et al. Valproate-associated pancreatitis. Epilepsia. 1993; 34 (1): 177-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asconape J. J., Penry J. K., Dreifuss F. E. et al. Valproate-associated pancreatitis. Epilepsia. 1993; 34 (1): 177-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buggy Y., Layton D., Fogg C. et al. Safety profile of oxcarbazepine: results from a prescription-event monitoring study. Epilepsia. 2010; 51 (5): 818-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buggy Y., Layton D., Fogg C. et al. Safety profile of oxcarbazepine: results from a prescription-event monitoring study. Epilepsia. 2010; 51 (5): 818-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letmaier M., Painold A., Holl A. K. et al. Hyponatriaemia during psychopharmacological treatment: results of a drug surveillance progrartune. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012; 15 (6): 739-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letmaier M., Painold A., Holl A. K. et al. Hyponatriaemia during psychopharmacological treatment: results of a drug surveillance progrartune. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012; 15 (6): 739-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dong X., Leppik T. E., White J. et al. Hyponatremia from oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine. Neurology. 2005; 65 (12): 1976-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dong X., Leppik T. E., White J. et al. Hyponatremia from oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine. Neurology. 2005; 65 (12): 1976-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neligan A. et al. The long-term risk of premature mortality in people with epilepsy. Brain. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neligan A. et al. The long-term risk of premature mortality in people with epilepsy. Brain. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bardai A. et al. Sudden cardiac death in associated both with epilepsy and with use of AED. Heart. 2014; 1-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bardai A. et al. Sudden cardiac death in associated both with epilepsy and with use of AED. Heart. 2014;  1-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weig SG, Pollack P. Carbamazepine-induced heart block in a child with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyoma: implications for evaluation and follow-up. Ann Neurol. 1993; 34 (4): 617-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weig SG, Pollack P. Carbamazepine-induced heart block in a child with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyoma: implications for evaluation and follow-up. Ann Neurol. 1993; 34 (4): 617-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeGiorgio C. M. Atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation associated with lacosamide for partial seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2010; 18 (3): 322-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeGiorgio C. M. Atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation associated with lacosamide for partial seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2010; 18 (3): 322-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaccara G., Perucca P., Loiacono G. et al. The adverse event profile of lacosamide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Epilepsia. 2013; 54 (1): 66-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaccara G., Perucca P., Loiacono  G. et al. The adverse event profile of lacosamide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Epilepsia. 2013; 54 (1): 66-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danielsson B. R., Lansdell K., Patmore L. et al. Phenytoin and phenobarbital inhibit human HERG potassium channels. Epilepsy Res. 2003; 55 (1-2): 147-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danielsson B. R., Lansdell K., Patmore  L. et al. Phenytoin and phenobarbital inhibit human HERG potassium channels. Epilepsy Res. 2003; 55 (1-2): 147-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danielsson B. R., Lansdell K., Patmore L. et al. Effects of the antiepileptic drugs lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin on bERG potassium currents. Epilepsy Res. 2005; 63 (1): 17-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danielsson B. R., Lansdell K., Patmore  L. et al. Effects of the antiepileptic drugs lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin on bERG potassium currents. Epilepsy Res. 2005; 63 (1): 17-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schimpf R., Veltrnann C., Papavassiliu T. et al. Drug-induced QT-interval shortening following antiepileptic treatment with oral rufinamide. Heart Rhythm. 2012; 9 (5): 776-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schimpf R., Veltrnann C., Papavassiliu T. et al. Drug-induced QT-interval shortening following antiepileptic treatment  with oral rufinamide. Heart Rhythm. 2012; 9 (5): 776-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brodie M. J., Sills G. J., Combining antiepileptic drugsm – Rational polytherapy Seizure. 2011; 20: 369-375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodie M. J., Sills G. J., Combining antiepileptic drugsm – Rational polytherapy. Seizure. 2011; 20: 369-375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">French J. A. Antiepileptic drug treatment. Continuum, Lifelong learning in neurology. Epilepsy. 2013; 643-656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">French J. A. Antiepileptic drug treatment. Continuum, Lifelong learning in neurology. Epilepsy. 2013; 643-656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Runge U., Arnold S., Brandt C. et al. A noninterventional study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of lacosamide added to monotherapy in patients with epilepsy with partial-onset seizures in daily clinical practice: VITIBA study. Epilepsia. 2015; 56 (12): 1921-1930.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Runge U., Arnold S., Brandt C. et al. A noninterventional study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of lacosamide added to monotherapy in patients with epilepsy with partial-onset seizures in daily clinical practice: VITIBA study. Epilepsia. 2015; 56 (12): 1921-1930.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
