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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.2.021-028</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-342</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LEVETIRACETAM IN CHILDREN WITH ELECTRICAL STATUS EPILEPTICUS DURING SLOW-WAVE  SLEEP (ESES)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ  ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЛЕВЕТИРАЦЕТАМА  У ДЕТЕЙ С ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИМ  ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИМ СТАТУСОМ  МЕДЛЕННОВОЛНОВОГО СНА   (ELECTRICAL STATUS EPILEPTICUS  DURING SLOW-WAVE SLEEP – ESES)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м.н., профессор кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ</p><p>Адрес: ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва, Россия, 117997. Тел. +7(926)5368725</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, neurologist, neurophysiologist, Professor, the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</p><p>Address: ul. Ostrovityanova, 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997. Tel.: +7(926)5368725</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DrKholin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заваденко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavadenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ</p><p>Адрес: ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва, Россия, 117997. Тел. +7(495)9369452</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, neurologist, Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</p><p>Address: ul. Ostrovityanova, 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997. Tel.: +7(495)9369452</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zavadenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федонюк</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedonyuk</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший лаборант кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ; врач-невролог отделения психоневрологии № 2 ФГБУ «РДКБ» МЗ РФ</p><p>Адрес: Ленинский проспект, д. 117, Москва, Россия, 117997. Тел: +7(916)3571876</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, senior assistant, the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov; neurologist in the Department of Psychoneurology № 2, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital</p><p>Address: Leninskiy Prospect, 117, Moscow, Russia, 117997. Tel.: +7(916)3571876 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inessadoc@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Il`ina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший лаборант кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» МЗ РФ; заведующая отделением психоневрологии № 2 ФГБУ «РДКБ» МЗ РФ</p><p>Адрес: Ленинский проспект, д. 117, Москва, Россия, 117997. Тел: +7(903)1526751</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, senior assistant, the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov; Head of the Department of Psychoneurology № 2, Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital</p><p>Address: Leninskiy Prospect, 117, Moscow, Russia, 117997. Тел: +7(903)1526751</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doc_ilina_ec@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет  имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации&#13;
&#13;
ФГБУ «Российская детская клиническая больница» Министерства здравоохранения  Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian  National  Research  Medical  University  named  after  N.I.  Pirogov,  Health  Ministry  of  Russian  Federation&#13;
&#13;
Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, Health Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет  имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian  National  Research  Medical  University  named  after  N.I.  Pirogov,  Health  Ministry  of  Russian  Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kholin A.A., Zavadenko N.N., Fedonyuk I.D., Il`ina E.S., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Холин А.А., Заваденко Н.Н., Федонюк И.Д., Ильина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A., Zavadenko N.N., Fedonyuk I.D., Il`ina E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/342">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/342</self-uri><abstract><p>Electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES) is an EEG pattern of continuous (85-100%) diffuse epileptiform activity in the sleep EEG. The morphology of the epileptiform complexes is identical to benign epileptiform discharges of childhood (BEDC). Epilepsy with ESES (or “Penelope Syndrome”) is a form of age-dependent epileptic encephalopathies with the phenomenon of continuous spike-waves during slow wave sleep. This group of epilepsies also includes Pseudo-Lennox syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, autistic epileptiform regression and some others. In most cases, the ESES pattern correlates with the severity of cognitive deficit in this population of epileptic children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in children with the ESES pattern in the EEG. Materials and Methods. During the period of 2010-2016, 34 epileptic children with ESES patterns in the EEG (14 boys and 20 girls) treated with levetiracetam (33 in combined and 1 in monotherapy) were studied. Results. Twenty eight of the patients with ESES patterns in the sleep EEG were diagnosed with the ESES form of epilepsy. Among them, 7 idiopathic, 13 symptomatic, and 8 “symptomatic” cases of ESES (the latter resulted from “double pathology” of idiopathic + hypoxic-ischemic factors and these children had cerebral palsy). Among other ESES patients, 3 cases were of Pseudo-Lennox syndrome, 2 cases of Landau-Kleffner syndrome and one girl with autistic epileptiform regression. All 28 children received levetiracetam at therapeutic doses of 20-80 mg/kg/daily. Levetiracetam was highly effective in 67.6% of patients (n=23); of those, 2 children showed full clinical and electroencephalographic remission before reaching puberty, 9 children had clinical remission and 12 children had a significant decrease in seizures and epileptiform discharges. A low efficacy of levetiracetam was seen in 20.6% (n=7) of patients. Disease aggravation (seizures and epileptiform discharges) was found in 11.8% (n=4) of patients. Other negative effects were observed in only 4 (11.8%) children (3 cases of agitation and sleep disturbance and one case of allergic rash). In conclusion, levetiracetam is a highly effective medication (67.6% of cases) in combined antiepileptic therapy in children with ESES. However, the risk of exacerbation was as high as 11.8%. The most effective combinations of levetiracetam were those with valproates and ethosuximide.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Электрический эпилептический статус медленноволнового сна (electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep – ESES) представляет собой ЭЭГ-паттерн продолженной (85-100%) диффузной эпилептиформной активности на ЭЭГ сна. Морфология эпилептиформных комплексов идентична так называемым «доброкачественным эпилептиформным разрядам детства» (ДЭРД). Эпилепсия с ESES или «синдром Пенелопы» является одной из форм возраст-зависимых эпилептических энцефалопатий с феноменом продолженной пик-волновой активности медленноволнового сна. Эта группа эпилепсий также включает синдромы псевдо-Леннокса, Ландау-Клефнера, аутистический эпилептиформный регресс и ряд других. Паттерн ESES, как правило, коррелирует с тяжестью когнитивного дефицита в популяции детей с эпилепсией.</p><p>Целью исследования было определение эффективности и безопасности применения леветирацетама у детей с паттерном ESES на ЭЭГ.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. За период 2010-2016 гг. на кафедре неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова и в отделении ПНО-2 РДКБ под динамическим наблюдением находились 34 ребенка с паттерном ESES на ЭЭГ (14 мальчиков и 20 девочек), получавших леветирацетам (33 ребенка в комбинированной и один – в монотерапии).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов с паттерном ESES на ЭЭГ сна были диагностированы следующие формы эпилепсии: синдром эпилепсии с электрическим эпилептическим статусом медленноволнового сна (ESES) – в 28 случаях (семь идиопатических, 13 симптоматических и восемь случаев так называемой «двойной патологии» с сочетанием идиопатического компонента и гипоксически-ишемического поражения ЦНС у детей с клинической картиной детского церебрального паралича), три пациента с синдромом псевдо-Леннокса, два пациента с синдромом Ландау-Клеффнера и один пациент с аутистическим эпилептиформным регрессом. Все дети получали леветирацетам в терапевтических дозах, варьировавших в пределах от 20 до 80 мг/кг/сут. Леветирацетам показал высокую эффективность у 67,6% пациентов (n=23) – два случая полной клинической и энцефалографической ремиссии до достижения пубертата, девять случаев клинической ремиссии со значительным снижением представленности эпилептиформных разрядов на ЭЭГ и 12 случаев существенного снижения приступов и эпилептиформных разрядов. Низкая эффективность наблюдалась у 20,6% (n=7) пациентов. Аггравация эпилептических приступов и эпилептиформных разрядов на ЭЭГ обнаруживалась у 4 (11,8%) пациентов. Прочие негативные эффекты были отмечены лишь у 4 (11,8%) детей (3 случая психо-моторного возбуждения и нарушения сна и один случай аллергической сыпи).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Таким образом, леветирацетам является высокоэффективным противоэпилептическим препаратом в качестве комбинированной терапии пациентов с ESES в 67,6% случаев. Однако следует отметить и аггравационный риск, составивший 11,8%. Наиболее эффективными комбинациями антиэпилептических препаратов были сочетание леветирацетама с вальпроатами и тосуксимидом.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Леветирацетам</kwd><kwd>электрический эпилептический статус медленноволнового сна (ESES)</kwd><kwd>эпилептические энцефалопатии.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Levetiracetam</kwd><kwd>electrical status epilepticus of slow sleep (ESES)</kwd><kwd>epileptic encephalopathies.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwab R. S. A method of measuring consciousness in Petit Mal epilepsy. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1939; 89: 690-691.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwab R. S. A method of measuring consciousness in Petit Mal epilepsy. J. Nerv. Ment. 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