epilepsiaEpilepsy and paroxysmal conditionsЭпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния2077-83332311-4088IRBIS LLC10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.3.054-063epilepsia-357Research ArticleLITERATURE SURVEYОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫCONNECTION BETWEEN EPILEPSY AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERСВЯЗЬ ЭПИЛЕПСИИ И РАССТРОЙСТВ АУТИСТИЧЕСКОГО СПЕКТРАМасловаН. Н.MaslovaN. N.

д. м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой неврологии и нейрохирургии Смоленского государственного медицинского университета. Адрес: ул. Крупской, 28, г. Смоленск, Россия, 214019

MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Smolensk State Medical University. Address: ul. Krupskoy, 28, Smolensk, Russia, 214019

maslovasm@yahoo.comСкоробогатоваВ. А.SkorobogatovaV. A.

студентка 5-го курса лечебного факультета Смоленского государственного медицинского университета. Адрес: ул. Крупской, 28, г. Смоленск, Россия, 214019

medical undergraduate, Faculty of General Medicine, the Smolensk State Medical University. Address: ul. Krupskoy, 28, Smolensk, Russia, 214019

barabulatina@gmail.comЮрьеваН. В.Yur’evaN. V.

к. м.н., доцент кафедры неврологии и нейрохирургии Смоленского государственного медицинского университета. Адрес: ул. Крупской, 28, г. Смоленск, Россия, 214019

PhD, Assistant Professor at the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Smolensk State Medical University. Address: ul. Krupskoy, 28, Smolensk, Russia, 214019

yustra@mail.ruМасловН. Е.MaslovN. E.

студент 4-го курса лечебного факультета Смоленского государственного медицинского университета. Адрес: ул. Крупской, 28, г. Смоленск, Россия, 214019

medical undergraduate, Faculty of General Medicine, the Smolensk State Medical University. Address: ul. Krupskoy, 28, Smolensk, Russia, 214019

atickinwallsome@gmail.comФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияFSBEI HE “Smolensk State Medical University” of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian Federation201709112017935463Copyright © Maslova N.N., Skorobogatova V.A., Yur’eva N.V., Maslov N.E., 20172017Маслова Н.Н., Скоробогатова В.А., Юрьева Н.В., Маслов Н.Е.Maslova N.N., Skorobogatova V.A., Yur’eva N.V., Maslov N.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/357

The role of epilepsy in developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is not well understood. According to some reports, epilepsy of early childhood is often found in patients with autism of early childhood. In such children, epilepsy can progress at later periods, while the presence of both disorders in one child has a specific clinical pattern and requires specific treatment. The question whether suppression of epileptic discharges on the EEG could lead to cognitive improvement in children with ASD remains open. Likewise, the etiology of autism and its possible links to epilepsy and other pediatric disorders need more research. Here we present an overview of recent clinical studies on the proposed connection between epilepsy and ASD.

Роль эпилепсии в развитии расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС) не до конца изучена, но эпилепсия детского возраста часто выявляется у пациентов с ранним детским аутизмом и может прогрессировать в дальнейшем. Одновременное наличие двух заболеваний у ребенка изменяет клиническую картину и требует особых подходов к лечению. Дискутабельными остаются этиология аутизма и его возможные связи с эпилепсией и другими патологическими состояниями. В статье представлен обзор и обобщены результаты недавних исследований по данной проблеме.

Расстройства аутистического спектраэпилепсиягенетические заболеванияЭЭГтуберозный склерозAutism spectrum disordersepilepsygenetic diseasesEEGtuberous sclerosis.ReferencesDiagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatric disorders (DSM-5.) American psychiatric association. 2013.Diagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatric disorders (DSM-5.) American psychiatric association. 2013.Малинина Е. В., Супрун С. А., Забозлаева И. В. Аутизм, эпилептиформная активность и эпилепсия. Доктор.Ру. 2012; 5: 70-74.Malinina E. V., Suprun S. A., Zabozlaeva I. V. Doktor.Ru (In Russian). 2012; 5: 70-74.Симашкова Н. В., Клюшник Т. П. Клиникобиологические аспекты расстройств аутистического спектра. М. 2016; 50-62.Simashkova N. V., Klyushnik T. P. Clinical and biological aspects of autism spectrum disorders [Kliniko-biologicheskie aspekty rasstroistv au-tisticheskogo spectra (In Russian)]. Moscow. 2016; 50-62.Bathelt J., Astle D. E., Barnes J., Baker K., Raymond L. Structural brain abnormalities in a single gene disorder associated with epilepsy, language impairment and intellectual disability. Elsevier. 2016; 12: 655-665.Bathelt J., Astle D. E., Barnes J., Baker K., Raymond L. Structural brain abnormalities in a single gene disorder associated with epilepsy, language impairment and intellectual disability. Elsevier. 2016; 12: 655-665.Hazlett H. C., Gu H., Munsell B. C., Kim S. H. et al. Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Nature. 2017; 542: 348-351.Hazlett H. C., Gu H., Munsell B. C., Kim S. H. et al. Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Nature. 2017; 542: 348-351.Christensen J., Grønborg T. K., Vestergaard M. et al. Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism. JAMA. 2013; 309 (16): 1696-1703.Christensen J., Grønborg T. K., Vestergaard M. et al. Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism. JAMA. 2013; 309 (16): 1696-1703.Bromley R. L., Mawer G., Clayton-Smith J., Baker G. A. Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group. Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs. Neurology. 2008; 71 (23): 1923-1924.Bromley R. L., Mawer G., Clayton-Smith J., Baker G. A. Liverpool and Manchester Neu-rodevelopment Group. Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs. Neurology. 2008; 71 (23): 1923-1924.Ornoy A. Valproic acid in pregnancy: how much are we endangering the embryo and fetus? Reproductive Toxicology. 2009; 28 (1): 1-10.Ornoy A. Valproic acid in pregnancy: how much are we endangering the embryo and fe-tus? Reproductive Toxicology. 2009; 28 (1): 1-10.Rasalam A. D., Hailey H., Williams J. H. et al. Characteristics of fetal anticonvulsant syndrome associated autistic disorder. Developmental Medical Child Neurology. 2005; 47 (8): 551-555.Rasalam A. D., Hailey H., Williams J. H. et al. Characteristics of fetal anticonvulsant syn-drome associated autistic disorder. Developmental Medical Child Neurology. 2005; 47 (8): 551-555.Bromley R. L., Mawer G. E. et al. Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery Psychiatry. 2013: 84 (6): 637-643.Bromley R. L., Mawer G. E. et al. Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery Psychiatry. 2013: 84 (6): 637-643.Bittigau P., Sifringer M., Genz K. et al. Antiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002; 99 (23): 15089-15094.Bittigau P., Sifringer M., Genz K. et al. Antiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002; 99 (23): 15089-15094.Sui L., Chen M. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid enhances synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex and fear memories. Brain Research Bulletin. 2012; 87 (6): 556-563.Sui L., Chen M. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid enhances synaptic plasticity in the me-dial prefrontal cortex and fear memories. Brain Research Bulletin. 2012; 87 (6): 556-563.Walsh C. A., Morrow E. M., Rubenstein J. L. Autism and brain development. Cell. 2008; 135 (3): 396-400.Walsh C. A., Morrow E. M., Rubenstein J. L. Autism and brain development. Cell. 2008; 135 (3): 396-400.Gibson T. T., Poretti A. et al. Autism phenotypes in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: diagnoctic and treatment consideration. Journal of Child Neurology. 2015; 1-6.Gibson T. T., Poretti A. et al. Autism phenotypes in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: diagnoctic and treatment consideration. Journal of Child Neurology. 2015; 1-6.Jansen F. E., Vincken K. L., Algra A. et al. Cognitive impairment in tuberous sclerosis complex is a multifactorial condition. Neurology. 2008; 70: 916-923.Jansen F. E., Vincken K. L., Algra A. et al. Cognitive impairment in tuberous sclerosis complex is a multifactorial condition. Neurology. 2008; 70: 916-923.Fallin M. D. Wang P. Autism Speaks; presentation, International Meeting for Autism Research. Baltimore. 2016.Fallin M. D. Wang P. Autism Speaks; presentation, International Meeting for Autism Re-search. Baltimore. 2016.Gomez M., Sampson J. R., Whittemore V. H., eds. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. 3rd ed. Oxford. 1999.Gomez M., Sampson J. R., Whittemore V. H., eds. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. 3rd ed. Oxford. 1999.Kaczorowska M., Jurkiewicz E., Domanska-Pakiela D. et al. Cerebral tuber count and its impact on mental outcome of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia. 2011; 52: 22-27.Kaczorowska M., Jurkiewicz E., Domanska-Pakiela D. et al. Cerebral tuber count and its impact on mental outcome of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia. 2011; 52: 22-27.Humphrey A., MacLean C., Ploubidis G. B. et al. Intellectual development before and after the onset of infantile spasms: a controlled prospective longitudinal study in tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2014; 55:108-116.Humphrey A., MacLean C., Ploubidis G. B. et al. Intellectual development before and af-ter the onset of infantile spasms: a controlled prospective longitudinal study in tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2014; 55:108-116.Hrdlicka M. EEG abnormalities, epilepsy and regression in autism: a review. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2008; 29 (4): 405-409.Hrdlicka M. EEG abnormalities, epilepsy and regression in autism: a review. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2008; 29 (4): 405-409.Tuchman R., Cuccaro M., Alessandri M. Autism and epilepsy: Historical perspective. Elsevier Brain&Development. 2010; 32: 709-718.Tuchman R., Cuccaro M., Alessandri M. Autism and epilepsy: Historical perspective. Elsevier Brain&Development. 2010; 32: 709-718.Воронкова К. В., Пылаева О. А., Холин А. А. Эпилепсия и аутизм. Вестник эпилептологии. 2012; 12: 12-21.Voronkova K. V., Pylaeva O. A., Kholin A. A. Vestnik epileptologii (in Russian). 2012; 12: 12-21.Мухин К. Ю., Петрухин А. С., Глухова Л. Ю. Эпилепсия: атлас электроклинической диагностики. М. 2004; 337-340.Mukhin K. Yu., Petrukhin A. S., Glukhova L. Yu. Epilepsy: atlas of electroclinical diagnosis [Epilepsiya: atlas elektro-klinicheskoi ̆ diagnostiki (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2004; 337-340.Bosl W. J., Loddenkemper T., Nelson C. A. Nonlinear EEG biomarker profiles for autism and absence epilepsy. Neuropsychiatric Electrophusiology. 2017; 3: 2-22.Bosl W. J., Loddenkemper T., Nelson C. A. Nonlinear EEG biomarker profiles for autism and absence epilepsy. Neuropsychiatric Electrophusiology. 2017; 3: 2-22.Bosl W., Tierney A., Tager-Flusberg H., Nelson C. EEG complexity as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder risk. BMC Medicine. 2011; 9: 18.Bosl W., Tierney A., Tager-Flusberg H., Nelson C. EEG complexity as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder risk. BMC Medicine. 2011; 9: 18.Lehnertz K., Andrzejak R. G. et al. Nonlinear EEG analysis in epilepsy: its possible use for interictal focus localization, seizure anticipation, and prevention. Journal of clinical neurology. 2001; 18 (3): 209-222.Lehnertz K., Andrzejak R. G. et al. Nonlinear EEG analysis in epilepsy: its possible use for interictal focus localization, seizure anticipation, and prevention. Journal of clinical neurology. 2001; 18 (3): 209-222.Rodenas-Cuadrano P., Joses H., Vernes S. C. Shining a light on CNTNAP2: complex functions to complex disorders. European journal of human genetics. 2013; 22 (2): 1-8.Rodenas-Cuadrano P., Joses H., Vernes S. C. Shining a light on CNTNAP2: complex functions to complex disorders. European journal of human genetics. 2013; 22 (2): 1- 8.Rodenas-Cuadrano P., Petrafusa N., Francavilla T., La Neve A. et al. Characterisation of CASPR2 deficiency disorder – a syndrome involving autism, epilepsy and language impairment. BMC Medical Genetics 2016; 17: 1-6.Rodenas-Cuadrano P., Petrafusa N., Francavilla T., La Neve A. et al. Characterisation of CASPR2 deficiency disorder – a syndrome involving autism, epilepsy and language impairment. BMC Medical Genetics. 2016; 17: 1-6.Якупова Л. П., Симашкова Н. В. Связь нарушений ЭЭГ с клиническими особенностями расстройств аутистического спектра. Вестник Совета молодых учееных и специалистов Челябинской области. 2016; 2: 134-137.Yakupova L. P., Simashkova N. V. Vestnik Soveta molodykh ucheenykh i spetsialistov Chelyabinskoi ̆ oblasti (in Russian). 2016; 2: 134-137.Schopler E., Reichler R., De Vellis R., Daly K. Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). J. Autism Devel. Dis. l980; 10: 91-103.Schopler E., Reichler R., De Vellis R., Daly K. Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). J. Autism Devel. Dis. l980; 10: 91-103.Findji F., Harrison-Covello A., Lairy G. C. Long duration EEG studies in the case of a psychotic child. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1979; 46 (5): 592-600.Findji F., Harrison-Covello A., Lairy G. C. Long duration EEG studies in the case of a psychotic child. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1979; 46 (5): 592- 600.Boutros Nash N., Renee Lajiness-O’Neill, Zillgitt Andrew et al. EEG changes associated with autistic spectrum disorders. Neuropsychiatric Electrophysiology. 2015; 3: 8-20.Boutros Nash N., Renee Lajiness-O’Neill, Zillgitt Andrew et al. EEG changes associated with autistic spectrum disorders. Neuropsychiatric Electrophysiology. 2015; 3: 8-20.Frye R. E., Butler I., Strickland D. et al. Electroencephalogram discharges in atypical cognitive development. Journal of Child Neurology. 2010; 5: 556-566.Frye R. E., Butler I., Strickland D. et al. Electroencephalogram discharges in atypical cognitive development. Journal of Child Neurology. 2010; 5: 556-566.Sanchez Fernandez I., Loddenkemper T., Galanopoulou A. S., Moshe S. L. Should epileptiform discharges be treated? Epilepsia. 2015; 56 (10): 1492-504.Sanchez Fernandez I., Loddenkemper T., Galanopoulou A. S., Moshe S. L. Should epileptiform discharges be treated? Epilepsia. 2015; 56 (10): 1492-504.Galanopoulou A. S., Bojko A., Lado F. et al. The spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities associated with electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Brain Dev. 2000; 22: 279- 295.Galanopoulou A. S., Bojko A., Lado F. et al. The spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormali-ties associated with electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Brain Dev. 2000; 22: 279-295.Patry G., Lyagoubi S., Tassinari C. A. Subclinical “electrical status epilepticus” induced by sleep in children. A clinical and electroencephalographic study of six cases. Arch Neurol. 1971; 24: 242-252.Patry G., Lyagoubi S., Tassinari C. A. Subclinical “electrical status epilepticus” induced by sleep in children. A clinical and electroencephalographic study of six cases. Arch Neurol. 1971; 24: 242-252.Sánchez Fernández I., Peters J. M., Hadjiloizou S. et al. Clinical staging and electroencephalographic evolution of continuous spikes and waves during sleep. Epilepsia. 2012; 53: 1185-1195.Sánchez Fernández I., Peters J. M., Hadjiloizou S. et al. Clinical staging and electroen-cephalographic evolution of continuous spikes and waves during sleep. Epilepsia. 2012; 53: 1185-1195.Ronen G. M., Richards J. E., Cunningham C. et al. Can sodium valproate improve learning in children with epileptiform bursts but without clinical seizures? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000; 42: 751-755.Ronen G. M., Richards J. E., Cunningham C. et al. Can sodium valproate improve learning in children with epileptiform bursts but without clinical seizures? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000; 42: 751-755.Catarino A., Churches O., Baron-Cohen S., Andrade A. Atypical EEG complexity in autism spectrum conditions: a multiscale entropy analysis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011; 122 (12): 75-83.Catarino A., Churches O., Baron-Cohen S., Andrade A. Atypical EEG complexity in au-tism spectrum conditions: a multiscale entropy analysis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011; 122 (12): 75-83.Chu-Shore C.J., Major P., Camposano S. et al. The natural history of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia. 2010; 51: 1236-1241.Chu-Shore C.J., Major P., Camposano S. et al. The natural history of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsia. 2010; 51: 1236-1241.Mintz M., Legoff D., Scornaienchi J. et al. The underrecognized epilepsy spectrum: the effects of levetiracetam on neuropsychological functioning in relation to subclinical spike production. J Child Neurol. 2009; 24: 807-815.Mintz M., Legoff D., Scornaienchi J. et al. The underrecognized epilepsy spectrum: the effects of levetiracetam on neuropsychological functioning in relation to subclinical spike pro-duction. J Child Neurol. 2009; 24: 807-815.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.