<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333.2018.10.1.063-071</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-393</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHIES WITH ELECTRICAL STATUS EPILEPTICUS OF SLOW-WAVE SLEEP (ESES): DIAGNOSIS AND PHARMACOTHERAPY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЕ ЭНЦЕФАЛОПАТИИ С ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИМ ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИМ СТАТУСОМ МЕДЛЕННОВОЛНОВОГО СНА (ESES): ДИАГНОСТИКА И ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Холин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kholin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета, ул. Островитянова, 1, Москва 117997;</p><p>детский невролог, эпилептолог, клинический нейрофизиолог отделения психоневрологии №2, Ленинский проспект, 117, Москва 117513</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Neurologist, Neurophysiologist, Professor at the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Pediatrics,</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow 117997;</p><p>117 Leninskii prospekt, Moscow 117513</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DrKholin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Российская детская клиническая больница» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
 Russian Children Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Kholin A.A., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Холин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/393">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/393</self-uri><abstract><p>Electrical status epilepticus of slow sleep (ESES) is a sleep EEG pattern with a continuous (85-100%) diffuse epileptiform activity. The morphology of these epileptiform complexes is identical to benign epileptiform discharges of childhood (BEDC). Epilepsy with ESES (or Penelope Syndrome) is a form of age-dependent epileptic encephalopathies with continuous spike-wave activity during slow wave sleep. This group of epilepsies also includes Pseudo-Lennox syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, autistic epileptiform regression and some others. Usually, the ESES pattern correlates with the severity of cognitive deficit in epileptic children. The list of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) used in pharmacotherapy of epileptic encephalopathies includes valproates, levetiracetam, ethosuximide, sulthiame, topiramate, zonisamide and benzodiazepines; those are given in monotherapy or rationalized combined therapy. Levetiracetam was highly effective in 67.6% of patients with ESES (n=23); among them, two cases of clinical and EEG remission during the pre-puberty period, nine cases of clinical remission and 12 cases with a significant decrease in seizures and epileptiform discharges. In 20.6% of patients (n=7), the pharmacotherapy showed low efficacy. In 11.8% of patients (n=4), aggravation of the disease was noted. Combinations of levetiracetam with valproates and levetiracetam with ethosuximide were found the most effective AEDs. In the cases of epileptogenic structural defect that underlines drug-resistant epilepsy with ESES, neurosurgical intervention is recommended.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Электрический эпилептический статус медленноволнового сна (Electrical status epilepticus of slow sleep – ESES) представляет собой ЭЭГ-паттерн продолженной (85-100%) диффузной эпилептиформной активности на ЭЭГ сна. Морфология эпилептиформных комплексов соответствует так называемым «доброкачественным эпилептиформным разрядам детства» («ДЭРД»). Эпилепсия с ESES («синдром Пенелопы») является одной из форм возраст-зависимых эпилептических энцефалопатий с феноменом продолженной пик-волновой активности медленноволнового сна. Эта группа эпилепсий также включает синдромы псевдо-Леннокса, Ландау-Клефнера, аутистический эпилептиформный регресс и ряд других. Паттерн ESES, как правило, коррелирует с тяжестью когнитивного дефицита в популяции детей с эпилепсией. В лечении эпилептических энцефалопатий применяются вальпроаты, леветирацетам, этосуксимид, сультиам, топирамат, зонисамид, а также бензодиазепины в моно- и рациональной комбинированной терапии. Леветирацетам показал высокую эффективность у 67,6% пациентов с ESES (n=23) – два случая полной клинической и энцефалографической ремиссии до достижения пубертата, девять случаев клинической ремиссии со значительным снижением представленности эпилептиформных разрядов на ЭЭГ и 12 случаев существенного снижения приступов и эпилептиформных разрядов. Низкая эффективность наблюдалась только у 20,6% (n=7) пациентов. Однако аггравация эпилептических приступов и эпилептиформных разрядов на ЭЭГ обнаруживалась у 11,8% (n=4) пациентов. Наиболее эффективными комбинациями антиэпилептических препаратов являются сочетания леветирацетама с вальпроатами и леветирацетама с этосуксимидом. При наличии эпилептогенного структурного дефекта в фармакорезистентных случаях эпилепсии с паттерном ESES целесообразно хирургическое лечение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эпилептические энцефалопатии</kwd><kwd>электрический статус медленноволнового сна</kwd><kwd>доброкачественные эпилептиформные разряды детства</kwd><kwd>ДЭРД</kwd><kwd>антиэпилептические препараты</kwd><kwd>АЭП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Epileptic encephalopathies</kwd><kwd>electrical status epilepticus in slow wave sleep</kwd><kwd>ESES</kwd><kwd>benign epileptiform discharges of childhood</kwd><kwd>BEDC</kwd><kwd>antiepileptic drugs</kwd><kwd>AED</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engel J.R., International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). A Proposed Diagnostic Schema for People with Epileptic Seizures and with Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2001; 42 (6): 796-803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engel J.R., International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). A Proposed Diagnostic Schema for People with Epileptic Seizures and with Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2001; 42 (6): 796-803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheffer I. E., Berkovic S., Capovilla G., Connolly M.B., French J., Guilhoto L., Hirsch E., Jain S., Mathern G.W., Moshé S. L., Nordli D.R., Perucca E., Tomson T., Wiebe S., Zhang Y.H., Zuberi S.M. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017; 58 (4): 512-521. doi: 10.1111/epi.13709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheffer I. E., Berkovic S., Capovilla G., Connolly M.B., French J., Guilhoto L., Hirsch E., Jain S., Mathern G.W., Moshé S. L., Nordli D.R., Perucca E., Tomson T., Wiebe S., Zhang Y.H., Zuberi S.M. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017; 58 (4): 512-521. DOI: 10.1111/epi.13709.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher R.S., Cross J.H., French J.A., Higurashi N., Hirsch E., Jansen F. E., Lagae L., Moshé S. L., Peltola J., Roulet Perez E., Scheffer I. E., Zuberi S.M. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017; 58 (4): 522-530. doi: 10.1111/epi.13670.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher R.S., Cross J.H., French J.A., Higurashi N., Hirsch E., Jansen F. E., Lagae L., Moshé S. L., Peltola J., Roulet Perez E., Scheffer I. E., Zuberi S.M. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017; 58 (4): 522-530. DOI: 10.1111/epi.13670.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tassinari C.A., Cantalupo G., Rios-Pohl L., Giustina E.D., Rubboli G. Encephalopathy with status epilepticus during slow sleep: “the Penelope syndrome”. Epilepsia. 2009; 50 (7): 4-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tassinari C.A., Cantalupo G., Rios-Pohl L., Giustina E.D., Rubboli G. Encephalopathy with status epilepticus during slow sleep: “the Penelope syndrome”. Epilepsia. 2009; 50 (7): 4-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухин К.Ю., Петрухин А.С., Холин А.А. Эпилептические энцефалопатии и схожие синдромы у детей. М. 2011; 680 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muhin K. Ju., Petruhin A.S., Kholin A.A. Epileptic encephalopathies and similar syndromes in children [Jepilepticheskie jencefalopatii i shozhie sindromy u detej (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2011; 680 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwab R.S. A method of measuring consciousness in Petit Mal epilepsy. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1939; 89: 690-691.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwab R.S. A method of measuring consciousness in Petit Mal epilepsy. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1939; 89: 690-691.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landau W.M., Kleffner F. Syndrome of acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder in children. Neurology. 1957; 7: 523-530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landau W.M., Kleffner F. Syndrome of acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder in children. Neurology. 1957; 7: 523-530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patry G., Lyagoubi S., Tassinari C.A. Subclinical electrical status epilepticus induced by sleep in children. Arch. Neurol. 1971; 24: 242-252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patry G., Lyagoubi S., Tassinari C.A. Subclinical electrical status epilepticus induced by sleep in children. Arch. Neurol. 1971; 24: 242-252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зенков Л.Р. Непароксизмальные эпилептические расстройства. М. 2007; 278 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zenkov L.R. Non-paroxysmal epileptic disorders [Neparoksizmal’nye jepilepticheskie rasstrojstva (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2007; 278 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карлов В.А. Эпилепсия у детей и взрослых женщин и мужчин. Руководство для врачей. М. 2010; 719 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlov V.A. Epilepsy in children and adult women and men. A guide for doctors [Jepilepsija u detej i vzroslyh zhenshhin i muzhchin. Rukovodstvo dlja vrachej (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2010; 719 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doose H., Baier W.K. Benign partial epilepsy and related conditions: multifactorial pathogenesis with hereditary impairment of brain maturation. Eur. J. Pediatr. 1989; 149:152-158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doose H., Baier W.K. Benign partial epilepsy and related conditions: multifactorial pathogenesis with hereditary impairment of brain maturation. Eur. J. Pediatr. 1989; 149:152-158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aicardi J., Chevrie J.-J. Atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 1982; 24: 281-292.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aicardi J., Chevrie J.-J. Atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 1982; 24: 281-292.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deonna T., Ziegler H. L., Despland P.A. Combined myoclonic – astatic and “benign” focal epilepsy of childhood (“atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood”). A separate syndrome. Neuropediatrics. 1986; 17: 144-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deonna T., Ziegler H. L., Despland P.A. Combined myoclonic – astatic and “benign” focal epilepsy of childhood (“atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood”). A separate syndrome. Neuropediatrics. 1986; 17: 144-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fejerman N., Caraballo R., Tenembaum S. Atypical evolutions of benign localization – related epilepsies in children: are they predictable? Epilepsia. 2000; 41 (4): 380-390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fejerman N., Caraballo R., Tenembaum S. Atypical evolutions of benign localization – related epilepsies in children: are they predictable? Epilepsia. 2000; 41 (4): 380-390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez Bermejo A., Pascual Castroviejo I., López Martín V., Arcas J., Pérez Higueras A. Acquired aphasia syndrome with epilepsy (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) secondary to cerebral arteritis. 4 cases. Neurologia. 1989; 4 (8): 296-299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez Bermejo A., Pascual Castroviejo I., López Martín V., Arcas J., Pérez Higueras A. Acquired aphasia syndrome with epilepsy (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) secondary to cerebral arteritis. 4 cases. Neurologia. 1989; 4 (8): 296-299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deonna T. Acquired epileptiform aphasia in children (Landau – Kleffner syndrome). J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1991; 8 (2): 288-298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deonna T. Acquired epileptiform aphasia in children (Landau – Kleffner syndrome). J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1991; 8 (2): 288-298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beaumanoir A. The Landau – Kleffner syndrome. In: Eds.: J. Roger, M. Bureau, Ch. Dravet и соавт. Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence. London. 1992; 231-244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beaumanoir A. The Landau – Kleffner syndrome. In: Eds.: J. Roger, M. Bureau, Ch. Dravet i soavt. Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence. London. 1992; 231-244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухин К.Ю., Холин А.А., Петрухин А.С., Глухова Л.Ю., Зайцева М.Н. Электроклиническая характеристика синдрома Ландау-Клеффнера. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2003; 103 (9): 16-27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muhin K. Ju., Kholin A.A., Petruhin A.S., Gluhova L. Ju., Zajceva M.N. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova (in Russian). 2003; 103 (9): 16-27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Echenne B., Cheminal R., River F. Epileptic electroencephalographic abnormalities and developmental dysphasias: a study of 32 patients. Brain Dev. 1992; 14: 216-225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Echenne B., Cheminal R., River F. Epileptic electroencephalographic abnormalities and developmental dysphasias: a study of 32 patients. Brain Dev. 1992; 14: 216-225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheffer I., Jones L., Pozzebon M. и соавт. Autosomal dominant rolandic epilepsy and speech dyspraxia: a new syndrome with anticipation. Ann. Neurol. 1995; 38 (4): 633-642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheffer I., Jones L., Pozzebon M. i soavt. Autosomal dominant rolandic epilepsy and speech dyspraxia: a new syndrome with anticipation. Ann. Neurol. 1995; 38 (4): 633-642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuchman R. F., Rapin I. Regression in pervasive developmental disorders: seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates. Pediatrics. 1997; 99: 560-566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuchman R. F., Rapin I. Regression in pervasive developmental disorders: seizures and epileptiform electroencephalogram correlates. Pediatrics. 1997; 99: 560-566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nass R., Gross A., Devinsky O. Autism and autistic epileptiform regression with occipital spikes. Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology. 1998; 40: 453-458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nass R., Gross A., Devinsky O. Autism and autistic epileptiform regression with occipital spikes. Developmental Medicine &amp; Child Neurology. 1998; 40: 453-458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roulet-Perez E.R., Davidoff V., Despland P.A., Deonna T. Mental and behavioral deterioration of children with epilepsy and CSWS: acquired epileptic frontal syndrome. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 1993; 35: 661-674.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roulet-Perez E.R., Davidoff V., Despland P.A., Deonna T. Mental and behavioral deterioration of children with epilepsy and CSWS: acquired epileptic frontal syndrome. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 1993; 35: 661-674.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guerrini R., Belmonte A., Genton P. Antiepileptic drugs-induced worsening of seizures in children. Epilepsia. 1998; 39 (3): 2-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guerrini R., Belmonte A., Genton P. Antiepileptic drugs-induced worsening of seizures in children. Epilepsia. 1998; 39 (3): 2-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холин А.А. Эпилептические энцефалопатии с электрическим статусом медленноволнового сна (ESES). Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2016; 8 (1): 62-65. DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333.2016.8.1.062-065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A. Epilepsiya i paroksizmal’nye sostoyaniya / Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions. (in Russian). 2016; 8 (1): 62-65. DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333.2016.8.1.062-065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холин А.А., Заваденко Н.Н., Ильина Е.С., Федонюк И.Д., Колпакчи Л.М., Халилов В.С., Косякова Е.С. Зависимость эффективности и безопасности топирамата от возраста пациентов и форм эпилепсии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2013; 113 (4-2): 45-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A., Zavadenko N.N., Il’ina E.S., Fedonjuk I.D., Kolpakchi L.M., Halilov V.S., Kosjakova E.S. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2013; 113 (4-2): 45-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холин A.A., Заваденко Н.Н., Федонюк И.Д., Ильина Е.С. Эффективность и безопасность применения леветирацетама у детей с электрическим эпилептическим статусом медленноволнового сна (Electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep – ESES). Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2017; 9 (2): 21-28. DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.2.021-028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A., Zavadenko N.N., Fedonjuk I.D., Il’ina E.S. Epilepsiya i paroksizmal’nye sostoyaniya / Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions. (in Russian). 2017; 9 (2): 21-28. DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333.2017.9.2.021-028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холин A.A., Заваденко Н.Н., Ильина Е.С., Колпакчи Л.М., Федонюк И.Д., Есипова Е.С. Пептидергическая ноотропная терапия при детском церебральном параличе в сочетании с эпилепсией. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2017; 117 (9): 37-42. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171179137-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kholin A.A., Zavadenko N.N., Il’ina E.S., Kolpakchi L.M., Fedonjuk I.D., Esipova E.S. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2017; 117 (9): 37-42. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171179137-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
