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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333.2019.11.4.335-347</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-500</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The use of intraoperative ultrasound in patients with focal cortical dysplasia: preliminary observations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предварительные результаты применения интраоперационного ультразвукового исследования при фокальной кортикальной дисплазии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-0385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфианов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufianov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суфианов Альберт Акрамович – д.м.н., профессор, главный врач </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603558501.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albert A. Sufianov – MD, Professor, Chief Physician </p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603558501</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-3472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирхайдаров</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirhaydarov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирхайдаров Салават Валентинович – врач-нейрохирург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salavat V. Mirhaydarov – MD, Neurosurgeon</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Salavatmirkhaydarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-2051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якимов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якимов Юрий Алексеевич – заведующий отделением нейрохирургии детского возраста</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri A. Yakimov – MD, Head of the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-9031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименко</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenko</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клименко Ольга Михайловна – невролог-эпилептолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga M. Klimenko – MD, Neurologist-Epileptologist</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-7362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрипников Александр Анатольевич – врач-нейрофизиолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Skripnikov – MD, Neurophysiologist</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-2103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефанов</surname><given-names>С. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanov</surname><given-names>S. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стефанов Стефан Живков – врач-нейрохирург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stefan Z. Stefanov – MD, Neurosurgeon</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-6547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садыкова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadykova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Садыкова Ольга Николаевна – врач-функциональной диагностики</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Sadykova – MD, Specialist in Functional Diagnostics</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-2057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Талыбов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Talybov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Талыбов Рустам Сабирович – врач-рентгенолог</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rustam S. Talybov – MD, Radiologist</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-0540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфианов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufianov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суфианов Ринат Альбертович – ординатор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat A. Sufianov – MD, Resident-in-Training</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Федеральный центр нейрохирургии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; &#13;
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Neurosurgery; &#13;
Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Федеральный центр нейрохирургии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center for Neurosurgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>335</fpage><lpage>347</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sufianov A.A., Mirhaydarov S.V., Yakimov Y.A., Klimenko O.M., Skripnikov A.A., Stefanov S.Z., Sadykova O.N., Talybov R.S., Sufianov R.A., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суфианов А.А., Мирхайдаров С.В., Якимов Ю.А., Клименко О.М., Скрипников А.А., Стефанов С.Ж., Садыкова О.Н., Талыбов Р.С., Суфианов Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sufianov A.A., Mirhaydarov S.V., Yakimov Y.A., Klimenko O.M., Skripnikov A.A., Stefanov S.Z., Sadykova O.N., Talybov R.S., Sufianov R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/500">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/500</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The cessation of epileptic seizures after surgical treatment of focal epilepsy is the main objective of the surgeon. When a neurosurgeon operates focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), he/she faces difficulties with the radical removal of pathological tissue, which looks similar to healthy one. Using the neuronavigation system may not be helpful because of errors caused by displacement of brain tissues after opening the dura mater and resection of pathological foci. Intraoperative MRI examination requires significant financial expenses. One alternative is the intraoperative ultrasound (US) test, which allows one to visualize areas of pathological tissue in real time.</p><p>The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using intraoperative US test.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 cases of pharmacoresistant epilepsy that involved US examination during surgical operation for epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent EEG video monitoring in which at least three seizures were detected. In addition, three patients underwent invasive EEG video monitoring as well as preoperative and postoperative brain MRI. Based on histological verification, the distribution of patients was as follows: Ia type – 1 case (5%); Ib type – 4 cases (20%); Ic type –3 cases (15%); IIa type –3 cases (15%); IIb type – 8 cases (40%); IIIa type – 1 case (5%). Postoperative follow-up continued for 14±10 months (min – 2 months, max – 31 months).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Twenty (100%) patients underwent intraoperative US examination where signs of an altered cortex were found in locations similar to those revealed with preoperative MRI scans. Based on the US images, radical resection of pathological tissues was performed in these patients. In 15 (75%) patients, the seizures stopped (Engel class I). According to the US data, FCD had the following characteristics: hyperechogenicity as compared to the brain parenchyma; uneven, fuzzy, irregularly shaped contours; lack of a clear border between the white and gray matter.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Intraoperative ultrasound is a safe, inexpensive and effective method for intraoperative imaging of FCD.</p><p>The authors declare the absence of conflict of interest with respect to this publication. All authors contributed equally to this article.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Отсутствие эпилептических приступов после хирургического лечения фокальной эпилепсии является основной целью, стоящей перед хирургом. Когда нейрохирург сталкивается с фокальной кортикальной дисплазией (ФКД), возникают сложности для радикального удаления, так как визуально патологическая ткань не отличается от здоровой; при использовании системы нейронавигации возникают погрешности из-за смещения мозговой ткани после вскрытия твердой мозговой оболочки и резекции патологической ткани; интраоперационное МРТ-исследование требует значительных финансовых затрат. Альтернативой является интраоперационное ультразвуковое исследование (иУЗИ), позволяющее визуализировать участки патологической ткани в режиме реального времени.</p><p>Цель – оценка опыта применения интраоперационного ультразвукового исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведены ретроспективная оценка и описание результатов лечения 20 пациентов всех возрастных групп с фармакорезистентной эпилепсией, подвергшихся резективному вмешательству с интраоперационным ультразвуковым исследованием по поводу фармакорезистентной эпилепсии, вызванной фокальной кортикальной дисплазией. Всем пациентам в предоперационом периоде выполнен ЭЭГ-видеомониторинг с фиксацией минимум трех приступов, инвазивный ЭЭГ-видеомониторинг выполнялся трем пациентам, а также предоперационное и послеоперационное МРТ головного мозга. С учетом гистологической верификации распределение пациентов оказалось следующим: Ia тип – n=1 (5%); Ib тип – n=4 (20%); Ic тип – n=3 (15%); IIa тип – n=3 (15%); IIb тип – n=8 (40%); IIIa тип – n=1 (5%). Длительность послеоперационного наблюдения – 14±10 мес. (min – 2 мес., max – 31 мес.)</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. 20 (100%) пациентов при интраоперационном ультразвуковом исследовании имели признаки измененной коры, соответствующей по локализации предоперационным МР-томограммам. Всем пациентам, по дан ным иУЗИ, выполнено радикальное удаление патологической ткани. У 15 (75%) пациентов приступы прекратились (Энгел класс I). ФКД, по данным иУЗИ, имели следующие характеристики: гиперэхогенность по отношению к паренхиме мозга; неровные, нечеткие, неправильной формы контуры; отсутствие четкой границы между белым и серым веществом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Интраоперационное УЗИ – безопасный, недорогостоящий и эффективный метод интраоперационной визуализации ФКД.</p><p>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов в отношении данной публикации. Все авторы сделали эквивалентный вклад в подготовку публикации.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>фокальная кортикальная дисплазия</kwd><kwd>интраоперационное ультразвуковое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>focal cortical dysplasia</kwd><kwd>intraoperative ultrasound</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmini A., Holthausen H. Focal malformations of cortical development: A most relevant etiology of epilepsy in children. Handbook of clinical neurology. 2013; 549-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00058-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmini A., Holthausen H. Focal malformations of cortical development: A most relevant etiology of epilepsy in children. 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