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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333.2020.12.1.9-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-515</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Interpretation of electroencephalography in infants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интерпретация данных электроэнцефалографии у детей раннего возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-4134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кощавцев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshchavtsev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии,</p><p>ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург 194100, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Narcology,</p><p>2 Litovskay Str., Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mdspb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-4315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гречаный</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grechanyi</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии,</p><p>ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург 194100, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr Sci Med, Assistant professor, Head of the Department of Psychiatry and Narcology,</p><p>2 Litovskay Str., Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Koshchavtsev A.G., Grechanyi S.V., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кощавцев А.Г., Гречаный С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koshchavtsev A.G., Grechanyi S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/515">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/515</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: Based on published reports and our own observations, we aimed to assign the graphical elements of EEG into normal and abnormal groups and then identify up to five main graphic elements in each group to facilitate visual analysis and interpretation of EEG in young children.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We searched for the relevant sources in the Medline and Medscape databases using the following keywords: «neonatal EEG», «neonatal seizures», «theta burst», «delta brushes», «trace discontinue», «burst-suppression», hypsarrhythmia», etc. Our own research was conducted using an Encephalan-EEGR-19/26 encephalograph equipped with children size gold cup electrodes with a diameter of 0.6 cm. Encephalograms were recorded from 10 electrodes according to the international “10-20” system.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. In early childhood EEGs, two large groups of EEG graphic elements can be discerned: the likely normative graphic elements and patterns of pediatric EEG (normal patterns) and the likely non-normative (abnormal) graphic elements and patterns of pediatric EEG. In the likely normative group, the main features are represented by: theta bursts, delta brushes, the “intermittent EEG curve” pattern, the occipital theta rhythm, and slow-sleep waves. In the likely non-normative group, those are: paroxysmal EEG graphic elements, asynchronous EEG patterns, spike-wave discharges, 3 Hz peak waves, hypsarrhythmia, burst-suppression pattern, rolandic occipital spikes, and a slowing rhythm pattern.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Along with the numerous attempts to characterize the age-dependent graphic elements at an early age, there are few reports concerning older children and adults. Here we try to overcome this discrepancy by identifying two large groups of graphic elements in EEG that are similar between infants and children of an older age. Such an approach may contribute to a better understanding of normal and pathological ontogenesis.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель – с помощью данных в открытых источниках и результатов собственных наблюдений разделить графоэлементы на группы нормальных и аномальных, выделить до пяти главных графоэлементов в каждой группе для уточнения подходов к визуальному анализу и интерпретации ЭЭГ у детей раннего возраста.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для поиска релевантных первоисточников в научной литературе использовали международные научные базы данных (МНДБ) Medline и Medscape с применением следующих ключевых слов: «neonatal EEG», «neonatal seizures», «theta burst», «delta brushes», «trace discontinue«, «burst-suppression», «hypsarrhythmia» и др. Собственные данные собирали на энцефалографе «Энцефалан-ЭЭГР-19/26», использовались детские золотые чашечковые электроды диаметром 0,6 см. Запись осуществлялась в 10 пунктах, по международной схеме «10-20».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В ЭЭГ раннего детского возраста выделяются две большие группы графоэлементов: вероятно нормативные графоэлементы и паттерны детской ЭЭГ (нормальные паттерны) и вероятно ненормативные (аномальные паттерны) графоэлементы и паттерны детской ЭЭГ. В вероятно нормативной группе главными являются: тета-вспышки, дельта-щетки, паттерн «прерывистая кривая ЭЭГ», затылочный тета-ритм; паттерн дремотных медленных волн. В вероятно ненормативной группе главными являются: пароксизмальные графоэлементы ЭЭГ, асинхронные паттерны ЭЭГ, спайк-волна, пик-волна частотой 3 Гц, гипсаритмия, паттерн «вспышка- подавление»; роландические, затылочные спайки, паттерн замедления ритмики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Существует диссонанс в выделении многочисленных возрастзависимых графоэлементов в раннем возрасте и ограниченностью количества подобных феноменов у детей старшего возраста и взрослых. Мы попытались преодолеть это противоречие, выделив две большие группы графоэлементов младенческой ЭЭГ, коррелирующие с подобными у старших детей. Такой подход может способствовать лучшему пониманию нормативного и патологического онтогенеза.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Детская ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>вероятно нормативные паттерны детской ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>вероятно ненормативные паттерны детской ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>тета-вспышки</kwd><kwd>дельта-щетки</kwd><kwd>затылочный тета-ритм</kwd><kwd>спайк-волна</kwd><kwd>пик-волна частотой 3 Гц</kwd><kwd>гипсаритмия</kwd><kwd>паттерн «вспышка-подавление»</kwd><kwd>роландические</kwd><kwd>затылочные</kwd><kwd>височные спайки</kwd><kwd>паттерн замедления ритмики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pediatric EEG</kwd><kwd>likely normative patterns of pediatric EEG</kwd><kwd>likely non-normative patterns of pediatric EEG</kwd><kwd>theta bursts</kwd><kwd>delta brushes</kwd><kwd>occipital theta rhythm</kwd><kwd>spike wave</kwd><kwd>of 3 Hz peak wave</kwd><kwd>hypsarrhythmia</kwd><kwd>burst-suppression pattern</kwd><kwd>rolandic</kwd><kwd>occipital</kwd><kwd>temporal adhesions</kwd><kwd>slowing rhythm pattern</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hellstom-Westas L., S de Vries L., Rosen I. 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