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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333.2020.12.1S.S13-S22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-546</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EVENTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОБЫТИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>What’s hidden behind Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Что скрывается за синдромом Леннокса-Гасто?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-2442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоусова Елена Дмитриевна – д. м.н., профессор, руководитель отдела психоневрологии и эпилептологии</p><p>ул. Талдомская, д. 2, Москва 125412</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena D. Belousova  – MD, PhD (Med. Sciences), Professor, Head of the Department of Psychoneurology and  Epileptology</p><p>2 Taldomskaya Str., Moscow 125412</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">edbelous56@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Обособленное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения &#13;
 Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1S</issue><elocation-id>S13-S22</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Belousova E.D., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белоусова Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belousova E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/546">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/546</self-uri><abstract><p>A number of epileptologists often diagnose Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, while others almost never do. It is necessary to understand why this is happening, especially since Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, according to literature descriptions, is quite common.</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p> Aim. To systematize available data on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, which will help to improve the quality of diagnosis and management of patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Qualitative scientific publications from the International Scientific Databases (ISDS), including peer-reviewed journals and monographs, were selected for the review. The plan of the review included a brief description of the syndrome; seizure types; EEG features; diagnosis criteria; treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. None of the seizure types are pathognomonic for Lennox-Gastaut  syndrome. The syndrome is considered to be confirmed if typical seizures (predominantly tonic) with typical interictal patterns without atypical EEG characteristics are reported. A diagnosis of the syndrome is considered probable if there are typical EEG patterns of waking and sleeping, but no tonic seizures are detected. The first choice of the treatment is valproate. Possible alternatives are lamotrigine and topiramate. Rufinamide and zonisamide are available as the second line of antiepileptic drugs. Rufinamide should be used when there is no effect from valproate and lamotrigine. Rufinamide also has antiabsance activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. “Classic” Lennox-Gasto syndrome is rare. Cases of “probable” Lennox-Gasto syndrome are much more frequent, and not all criteria of its diagnosis are observed. Taken into account the blurring of the diagnosis criteria for Lennox-Gasto syndrome and data on the efficacy of rufinamide in children with another epilepsies, it is possible to use this drug not only for Lennox-Gasto syndrome, but also for other epileptic syndromes, especially those with dropattacks, tonic seizures and atypical absences. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ряд эпилептологов часто ставят диагноз «синдром Леннокса-Гасто», другие не ставят практически никогда. Необходимо понять, почему так происходит, тем более что синдром Леннокса-Гасто, согласно литературным описаниям, довольно распространен.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Систематизировать имеющиеся данные о синдроме Леннокса-Гасто, что будет способствовать повышению качества диагностики и ведения пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для обзора были отобраны качественные научные публикации из международных научных баз данных (МНДБ), включая рецензируемые журналы и монографии. План анализа включал краткую характеристику синдрома; типы приступов; особенности ЭЭГ; критерии диагноза (модифицированные); лечение.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Ни один из типов приступов не является патогномоничным для синдрома Леннокса-Гасто. Синдром считается подтвержденным, если зарегистрированы типичные приступы (преимущественно тонические) с типичными и межприступными паттернами без атипичных ЭЭГ-характеристик. Диагноз синдрома считается вероятным, если есть типичные ЭЭГ-паттерны бодрствования и сна, но не зафиксированы тонические приступы. Препаратом первой очереди выбора является вальпроат. Возможные альтернативы – ламитриджин и топирамат. Из препаратов второй очереди в России доступен руфинамид. Руфинамид целесообразно использовать при отсутствии эффекта от вальпроата и ламотриджина. Руфинамид обладает и антиабсансной активностью.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. «Классический» синдром Леннокса-Гасто встречается нечасто. Значительно чаще встречаются случаи «вероятного» синдрома Леннокса-Гасто, при котором соблюдаются не все критерии его диагноза. С учетом размытости критериев диагноза синдрома Леннокса-Гасто и данных об эффективности руфинамида при фармакорезистентной эпилепсии у детей вне его рамок возможно применение этого препарата не только при синдроме Леннокса-Гасто, но и при других эпилептических синдромах, особенно протекающих с дропатаками, тоническим приступами и атипичными абсансами.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>синдром Леннокса-Гасто</kwd><kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>дроп-атаки</kwd><kwd>тонические приступы</kwd><kwd>абсансы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Epilepsy</kwd><kwd>Lennox-Gastaut syndrome</kwd><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>drop-attacks</kwd><kwd>tonic seizures</kwd><kwd>absences</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In С. P. Panayiotopoulos. A Clinical Guide to Epileptic Syndromes and their Treatment. 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