<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-61</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC SURVEYS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>TERATOGENESIS OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS: REVIEW AND CLINICAL CASES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ТЕРАТОГЕНЕЗ ПРОТИВОЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И СОБСТВЕННЫЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитренко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnayder</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetskogo</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Dmitrenko D.V., Shnayder N.A., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дмитренко Д.В., Шнайдер Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dmitrenko D.V., Shnayder N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/61">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/61</self-uri><abstract><p>Abstract: The article is devoted to problem of the teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. The current approaches to refining birth defects in children whose mothers took the valproic acid drugs during pregnancy are described. The authors are presented the clinical cases for discussion. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена проблеме тератогенного влияния противоэпилептических препаратов. Освещены современные подходы к уточнению причин развития врожденных пороков у детей, матери которых принимали во время беременности препараты вальпроевой кислоты. Представлены клинические наблюдения авторов для обсуждения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>фолиевая кислота</kwd><kwd>противоэпилептические препараты</kwd><kwd>тератогенез</kwd><kwd>врожденные пороки развития</kwd><kwd>клинический случай</kwd><kwd>обсуждение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>folic acid</kwd><kwd>antiepileptic drugs</kwd><kwd>teratogenesis</kwd><kwd>congenital malformations (birth defects)</kwd><kwd>clinical case</kwd><kwd>discussion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов П.Н. Беременность при эпилепсии. Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2009; 1: 8-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov P.N. Jepilepsija i paroksizmal’nye sostojanija. 2009; 1: 8-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов П.Н., Карлов В.А., Петрухин В.А. и соавт. Медикаментозная терапия эпилепсии у беременных. Фарматека. 2005; 9: 38-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov P.N., Karlov V.A., Petruhin V.A. i soavt. Farmateka. 2005; 9: 38-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дмитренко Д.В., Шнайдер Н.А., Егорова А.Т. Алгоритм ведения беременности и родов у женщин, страдающих эпилепсией. Проблемы женского здоровья. 2012; 2: 63-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dmitrenko D.V., Shnajder N.A., Egorova A.T. Problemy zhenskogo zdorov’ja. 2012; 2: 63-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кантемирова Б.И., Стародубцев А.К., Сычев Д.А. и соавт. Пути совершенствования фармакотерапии эпилепсии у детей: фокус на индивидуальные особенности биотрансформации лекарственных средств. Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния. 2012; 3:14-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kantemirova B.I., Starodubcev A.K., Sychev D.A. i soavt. Jepilepsija i paroksizmal’nye sostojanija. 2012; 3:14-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карлов В.А. Эпилепсия у детей и взрослых, женщин и мужчин: руководство для врачей. М. 2010; 720 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlov V.A. Epilepsy in children and adults, women and men: a guide for physicians [Jepilepsija u detej i vzroslyh, zhenshhin i muzhchin: rukovodstvo dlja vrachej]. Moscow. 2010; 720 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кукес В.Г., Сычев Д.А., Ших Е.В. Изучение биотрансформации лекарственных средств – путь к повышению эффективности и безопасности фармакотерапии. Врач. 2007; 1: 6-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukes V.G., Sychev D.A., Shih E.V. Vrach. 2007; 1: 6-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеева Ю.А., Кропачева Е.С., Игнатьев И.В. и др. Полиморфизм гена цитохрома Р450 2С9 (CYP2C9) и безопасность терапии варфарином. Кардиология. 2008; 3: 77-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miheeva Ju.A., Kropacheva E.S., Ignat’ev I.V. i dr. Kardiologija. 2008; 3: 77-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пилюгина М.С. Пути метаболизма препаратов вальпроевой кислоты и карбамазепина. Вестник Клинической больницы №51. 2010; 3 (10): 52-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piljugina M.S. Vestnik Klinicheskoj bol’nicy №51. 2010; 3 (10): 52-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сироткина О.В., Улитина А.С., Тараскина А.Е. и др. Аллельные варианты CYP2C9*2 и CYP2C9*3 гена цитохрома CYP2C9 в популяции Санкт-Петербурга и их клиническое значение при антикоагулянтной терапии варфарином. Российский кардиологический журн. 2004; 6: 47-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sirotkina O.V., Ulitina A.S., Taraskina A.E. i dr. Rossijskij kardiologicheskij zhurn. 2004; 6: 47-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сычев Д.А., Раменская Г.В., Игнатьев И.В., Кукес В.Г. Клиническая фармакогенетика. М. 2007; 230с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sychev D.A., Ramenskaja G.V., Ignat’ev I.V., Kukes V.G. Clinical pharmacogenetics [Klinicheskaja farmakogenetika]. Moscow. 2007; 230 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Дмитренко Д.В., Пилюгина М.С. Фармакогенетика антиэпилептических препаратов. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2008; 4: 111-118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnajder N.A., Dmitrenko D.V., Piljugina M.S. Bjulleten’ sibirskoj mediciny. 2008; 4: 111-118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Пилюгина М.С., Дмитренко Д.В. и соавт. Индивидуальный подход к выбору антиэпилептической терапии и клинический фармакомониторинг антиконвульсантов – путь к рациональному использованию лекарственных средств. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2010; 6: 178-180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnajder N.A., Piljugina M.S., Dmitrenko D.V. i soavt. Klinicheskaja farmakologija i terapija. 2010; 6: 178-180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Пилюгина М.С., Дмитренко Д.В. и соавт. Случай аггравации эпилептических припадков на фоне применения вальпроевой кислоты у семилетнего ребенка – гомозиготного носителя минорного аллеля CYP2C9*2 гена, кодирующего изофермент цитохрома Р450 2С9. Лекарственные средства. 2011; 1 (1): 56-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnajder N.A., Piljugina M.S., Dmitrenko D.V. i soavt. Lekarstvennye sredstva. 2011; 1 (1): 56-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Пилюгина М.С., Дмитренко Д.В. и соавт. Частота встречаемости нежелательных лекарственных реакций на фоне приема антиконвульсантов у больных эпилепсией. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2010; 6: 180-184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnajder N.A., Piljugina M.S., Dmitrenko D.V. i soavt. Klinicheskaja farmakologija i terapija. 2010; 6: 180-184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Пилюгина М.С., Дмитренко Д.В. Стратификация больных эпилепсией по группам риска развития нежелательных лекарственных явлений на фоне приема препаратов вальпроевой кислоты. Заместитель главного врача: лечебная работа и медицинская экспертиза. 2011; 7: 50-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnajder N.A., Piljugina M.S., Dmitrenko D.V. Zamestitel’ glavnogo vracha: lechebnaja rabota i medicinskaja jekspertiza. 2011; 7: 50-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Сычев Д.А., Пилюгина М.С. и соавт. Значение фармакогенетики вальпроевой кислоты в индивидуальном подходе к лечению страдающих эпилепсией женщин фертильного возраста. Журн. неврол. и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. Вып. 2. Эпилепсия. 2011; 5: 31-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shnajder N.A., Sychev D.A., Piljugina M.S. i soavt. Zhurn. nevrol. i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. Vyp. 2. Jepilepsija. 2011; 5: 31-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aspinall M.G., Hamermesh R.G. Realizing the promise of personalized medicine. Harv. Bus Rev. 2007; 85 (10): 108-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aspinall M.G., Hamermesh R.G. Realizing the promise of personalized medicine. Harv. Bus Rev. 2007; 85 (10): 108-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belcastro V., Striano P., Gorgone G. et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in epileptic patients on new antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2010; 51 (2): 274-279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belcastro V., Striano P., Gorgone G. et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in epileptic patients on new antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia. 2010; 51 (2): 274-279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coppola G., Ingrosso D., Operto F.F., et al. Role of folic acid depletion on homocysteine serum level in children and adolescents with epilepsy and different MTHFR C677T genotypes. Seizure. 2012; 21 (5): 340-343.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coppola G., Ingrosso D., Operto F.F., et al. Role of folic acid depletion on homocysteine serum level in children and adolescents with epilepsy and different MTHFR C677T genotypes. Seizure. 2012; 21 (5): 340-343.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finnell R. H., Buechler B.A., Kerr B.M. et al. Clinical and experimental studies linking oxidative metabolism to phenytoin-induced teratogenesis. Neurology. 1992; 42 (5): 25-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finnell R. H., Buechler B.A., Kerr B.M. et al. Clinical and experimental studies linking oxidative metabolism to phenytoin-induced teratogenesis. Neurology. 1992; 42 (5): 25-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giovannucci E., Chen J., Smith-Warner S.A. et all. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, diet, and risk of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003; 12 (10): 970-979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giovannucci E., Chen J., Smith-Warner S.A. et all. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, alcohol dehydrogenase, diet, and risk of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2003; 12 (10): 970-979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gueant-Rodriguez R.M., Rendeli C., Namour B. et.al. Transcobalamin and methionine synthase reductase mutated polymorphisms aggravate the risk of neural tube defects in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 2003; 334 (3): 189-192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gueant-Rodriguez R.M., Rendeli C., Namour B. et.al. Transcobalamin and methionine synthase reductase mutated polymorphisms aggravate the risk of neural tube defects in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 2003; 334 (3): 189-192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huemer M., Ausserer B., Graninger G. et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in children treated with antiepileptic drugs is normalized by folic acid supplementation. Epilepsia. 2005; 46: 1677-1683.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huemer M., Ausserer B., Graninger G. et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in children treated with antiepileptic drugs is normalized by folic acid supplementation. Epilepsia. 2005; 46: 1677-1683.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiang T.K., Ho P.C., Anari M.R. et al. Contribution of CYP2C9, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 to valproic acid metabolism in hepatic microsomes from individuals with the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype. Toxicol. Sci. 2006; 94 (2): 261-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiang T.K., Ho P.C., Anari M.R. et al. Contribution of CYP2C9, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 to valproic acid metabolism in hepatic microsomes from individuals with the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype. Toxicol. Sci. 2006; 94 (2): 261-271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiang T.K., Ho P.C., Anari M.R. et al. Contribution of CYP2C9, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 to valproic acid metabolism in hepatic microsomes from individuals with the CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*1 genotype. Toxicol. Sci. 2006; 94 (2): 261-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiang T.K., Ho P.C., Anari M.R. et al. Contribution of CYP2C9, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 to valproic acid metabolism in hepatic microsomes from individuals with the CYP2C9*1/CYP2C9*1 genotype. Toxicol. Sci. 2006; 94 (2): 261-271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidd R.S., Curry T.B., Gallagher S. et al. Identification of a null allele of CYP2C9 in an African-American exhibiting toxicity to phenytoin. Pharmacogenetics. 2001; 11: 803-808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidd R.S., Curry T.B., Gallagher S. et al. Identification of a null allele of CYP2C9 in an African-American exhibiting toxicity to phen-y-toin. Pharmacogenetics. 2001; 11: 803-808.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirke P.N., Mills J.L., Molloy A.M. et.al. Impact of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on risk of neural tube defects: case-control study. BMJ. 2004; 328 (7455): 1535-1536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirke P.N., Mills J.L., Molloy A.M. et.al. Impact of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on risk of neural tube defects: case-control study. BMJ. 2004; 328 (7455): 1535-1536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kluijtmans L.A., van den Heuvel L.P., Boers G.H. Molecular genetic analysis in mild hyperhomocysteinemia: a common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1996; 58 (1): 35-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kluijtmans L.A., van den Heuvel L.P., Boers G.H. Molecular genetic analysis in mild hyperhomocysteinemia: a common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1996; 58 (1): 35-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumari R., Lakhan R., Garg R.K. et al. Pharmacogenomic association study on the role of drug metabolizing, drug transporters and drug target gene polymorphisms in drug-resistant epilepsy in a north Indian population. Indian J. Human. Gen. 2011; 17 (4): 32-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumari R., Lakhan R., Garg R.K. et al. Pharmacogenomic association study on the role of drug metabolizing, drug transporters and drug target gene polymorphisms in drug-resistant epilepsy in a north Indian popula-tion. Indian J. Human. Gen. 2011; 17 (4): 32-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee C.R. CYP2C9 genotype as a predictor of drug disposition in humans. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2004; 26 (6): 463-472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee C.R. CYP2C9 genotype as a predictor of drug disposition in humans. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 2004; 26 (6): 463-472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linnebank M., Moskau S., Semmler A. et al. Antiepileptic drugs interact with folate and vitamin B12 serum levels. Annals of Neurology. 2011; 69 (2): 352-359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linnebank M., Moskau S., Semmler A. et al. Antiepileptic drugs interact with folate and vitamin B12 serum levels. Annals of Neurology. 2011; 69 (2): 352-359.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipton S. A., Kim W.-K., Choi Y.-B. et al. Neurotoxicity associated with dual actions of homocysteine at the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997; 94: 5923-5928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipton S. A., Kim W.-K., Choi Y.-B. et al. Neurotoxicity associated with dual actions of homocysteine at the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997; 94: 5923-5928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marangos P.J., Loftus T., Wiesner J. et al. Adenosinergic modulation of homocysteine-induced seizures in mice. Epilepsia. 1990; 31 (3): 239-346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marangos P.J., Loftus T., Wiesner J. et al. Adenosinergic modulation of homocysteine-induced seizures in mice. Epilepsia. 1990; 31 (3): 239-346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mares P., Folbergrova J., Langmeier M. et al. Convulsant action of D, L-homocysteic acid and its stereoisomers in immature rats. Epilepsia. 1997; 38: 767-776.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mares P., Folbergrova J., Langmeier M. et al. Convulsant action of D, L-homocysteic acid and its stereoisomers in immature rats. Epilepsia. 1997; 38: 767-776.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McIlwain, H., &amp; Poll, J. Interaction between adenosine generated endogenously in neocortical tissue, and homocysteine and its thiolactone. Neurochemistry International. 1985; 7: 103-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McIlwain, H., &amp; Poll, J. Interaction between adenosine generated endogenously in neocortical tissue, and homocysteine and its thiolactone. Neurochemistry International. 1985; 7: 103-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mudd S.H., Skovby F., Levy H.L. et al. The natural history of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1985; 37: 1-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudd S.H., Skovby F., Levy H.L. et al. The natural history of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1985; 37: 1-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nygaard Jensen O., Vendelin Olesen O. Folic acid and anticonvulsive drugs. Arch Neurol. 1969; 21 (2): 208-214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nygaard Jensen O., Vendelin Olesen O. Folic acid and anticonvulsive drugs. Arch Neurol. 1969; 21 (2): 208-214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ornoy A., Cohen E. Outcome of children born to epileptic mothers treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. Arch. Dis. Child. 1996; 75: 517-520.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ornoy A., Cohen E. Outcome of children born to epileptic mothers treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. Arch. Dis. Child. 1996; 75: 517-520.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pennell P.B. Pregnancy in women who have epilepsy. Neurol. Clin. 2004; 22: 799-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pennell P.B. Pregnancy in women who have epilepsy. Neurol. Clin. 2004; 22: 799-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilotto A., Seripa D., Franceshi M. et al. Genetic susceptibility to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastroduodenal bleeding: role of cytochrome P4502C9 polymorphism. Gastroenterology. 2007; 133 (2): 465-471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilotto A., Seripa D., Franceshi M. et al. Genetic susceptibility to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastroduodenal bleeding: role of cytochrome P4502C9 polymorphism. Gastroenterology. 2007; 133 (2): 465-471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwarz, S., Zhou, G., Katki, A., &amp; Rodbard, D. L-Homocysteate stimulates (3H)MK-801 biding to the phencyclidine recognition site and is thus an agonist for the N-methyl-D-aspartate-operated cation channel. Neuroscience. 1990; 37: 193-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwarz, S., Zhou, G., Katki, A., &amp; Rodbard, D. L-Homocysteate stimulates (3H)MK-801 biding to the phencyclidine recognition site and is thus an agonist for the N-methyl-D-aspartate-operated cation channel. Neuroscience. 1990; 37: 193-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi Q., Savage J.E. Hufeisen SJ. et al. L-homocysteine sulfinic acid and other acidic homocysteine derivatives are potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003; 305 (1): 131-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Q., Savage J.E. Hufeisen SJ. et al. L-homocysteine sulfinic acid and other acidic homocysteine derivatives are potent and selective metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003; 305 (1): 131-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siniscalchi A., De Sarro G., Loizzo S., Gallelli L. High plasma homocysteine and low serum folate levels induced by antiepileptic drugs in Down syndrome. JoDD. 2012; 18 (2): 70-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siniscalchi A., De Sarro G., Loizzo S., Gallelli L. High plasma homocysteine and low serum folate levels induced by antiepileptic drugs in Down syndrome. JoDD. 2012; 18 (2): 70-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan L., Yu J.T., Sun Y.P. et al. The influence of cytochrome oxidase CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 polymorphisms on the plasma concentrations of valproic acid in epileptic patients. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2010; 112 (4): 320-323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan L., Yu J.T., Sun Y.P. et al. The influence of cytochrome oxidase CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 polymorphisms on the plasma concentrations of valproic acid in epileptic patients. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 2010; 112 (4): 320-323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toffoli G., Russo A., Innocenti F. Effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C-&gt;T polymorphism on toxicity and homocysteine plasma level after chronic methotrexate treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer. 2003; 103 (3): 194-199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toffoli G., Russo A., Innocenti F. Effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C-&gt;T polymorphism on toxicity and homocysteine plasma level after chronic methotrexate treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer. 2003; 103 (3): 194-199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomson T., Battino D. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs: State of the art. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2005; 18: 13135-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomson T., Battino D. Teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs: State of the art. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2005; 18: 13135-140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomson T., et al. Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry. Lancet Neurol. 2011; 10: 609-617.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomson T., et al. Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry. Lancet Neurol. 2011; 10: 609-617.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomson T., Hiilesmaa V. Epilepsy in pregnancy. BMJ. 2007; 335: 769-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomson T., Hiilesmaa V. Epilepsy in pregnancy. BMJ. 2007; 335: 769-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vurucu S., Demirkaya E., Kul M. et al. Evaluation of the relationship between C677T variants of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and hyperhomocysteinemia in children receiving antiepileptic drug therapy. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2008; 32 (3): 844-848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vurucu S., Demirkaya E., Kul M. et al. Evaluation of the relationship between C677T variants of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and hyperhomocysteinemia in children receiving antiepileptic drug therapy. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2008; 32 (3): 844-848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационный ресурс: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) *607093 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=607093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Information resource: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) *607093 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=607093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационный ресурс: http://www.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Information resource: http://www.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
