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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2021.088</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-689</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessing efficacy and safety of buccally inoculated midazolam and intravenously administered diazepam for relieving pediatric primary generalized epileptic seizures</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование эффективности и безопасности мидазолама при буккальном введении в сравнении с диазепамом при внутривенном введении для купирования первично-генерализованных эпилептических приступов у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-4107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Притыко</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prityko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Притыко Андрей Георгиевич – д.м.н., профессор, академик Российской академии естественных наук, директор ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В. Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» ДЗМ</p><p>РИНЦ SPIN-код: 5045-6357</p><p>ул. Авиаторов, д. 38, Москва 119619</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Prityko – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Academician of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Director, Voyno-Yasenetskiy Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children</p><p>RSCI SPIN-code: 5045-6357</p><p>38 Aviators Str., Moscow 119619</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">npcprakt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5503-4529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипова Каринэ Вартановна – к.м.н., заведующая отделением психоневрологии</p><p>ул. Авиаторов, д. 38, Москва 119619</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karine V. Osipova – MD, PhD, Head of Department of Psychoneurology</p><p>38 Aviators Str., Moscow 119619</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-1404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>П. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>P. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколов Павел Леонидович – д.м.н., ведущий научный  сотрудник</p><p>РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6579-9234</p><p>ул. Авиаторов, д. 38, Москва 119619</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel L. Sokolov – Dr. Med. Sc., Leading Researcher</p><p>38 Aviators Str., Moscow 119619</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-0529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ежова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ezhova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ежова Екатерина Александровна – заместитель генерального директора по развитию лекарственных препаратов</p><p>Новохохловская ул., д. 25, Москва 109052</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Ezhova – Deputy Director General for the Development of Medicines</p><p>25 Novokhokhlovskaya Str., Moscow 109052</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-8739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котельникова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotel’nikova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котельникова Ирина Геннадьевна – к.фарм.н., начальник медицинского управления</p><p>Новохохловская ул., д. 25, Москва 109052</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Kotel’nikova – PhD (Pharm.), Head of Medical Department</p><p>25 Novokhokhlovskaya Str., Moscow 109052</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-9315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукьянова Екатерина Геннадьевна</p><p>ул. Авиаторов, д. 38, Москва 119619</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina G. Lukyanova</p><p>38 Aviators Str., Moscow 119619</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-0930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипова Гаянэ Арсеновна</p><p>ул. Авиаторов, д. 38, Москва 119619</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gayane A. Osipova</p><p>38 Aviators Str., Moscow 119619</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Научно-практический центр специализированной помощи детям им. Н. В. Войно-Ясенецкого» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voyno-Yasenetskiy Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие «Московский эндокринный завод»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Endocrine Plant</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Prityko A.G., Osipova K.V., Sokolov P.L., Ezhova E.A., Kotel’nikova I.G., Lukyanova E.G., Osipova G.A., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Притыко А.Г., Осипова К.В., Соколов П.Л., Ежова Е.А., Котельникова И.Г., Лукьянова Е.Г., Осипова Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prityko A.G., Osipova K.V., Sokolov P.L., Ezhova E.A., Kotel’nikova I.G., Lukyanova E.G., Osipova G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/689">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/689</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to confirm a therapeutic equivalence and similar safety profile of “Midazolam, oromucosal (buccal) solution” and “Sibazon, solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration” used in children aged from 1 year to 18 years suffering from primary generalized and bilateral tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic seizures.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. An open-label, randomized clinical trial on efficacy and safety was conducted with 25 patients having primary generalized and bilateral tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic seizures due to epilepsy or epileptic syndrome. The study used age-appropriate doses of Midazolam with a single buccal administration as well as diazepam (Sibazon) for single intramuscular administration. Midazolam dosing was as follows: 5 mg for children of the younger age group (1 tube-dropper 5 mg/ml), 7.5 mg for children of the middle age group (1 tube-dropper 5 mg/ml and 1 tube-dropper 2.5 mg/ml), 10 mg for older children (2 tube-droppers 5 mg/ml). The drug effectiveness was assessed by primary and secondary criteria. The number of cases of drug administration in each group was used as the primary criteria, in which the convulsions ended up within 10 minutes after using the drug and did not resume within 60 minutes after drug administration. The following criteria were used as secondary: no repeated convulsive seizures within 24 hours after drug administration, no repeated convulsive seizure within 48 hours after drug administration, time before repeated convulsive seizure within 48 hours after drug administration. Clinical assessment was carried out according to clinical data, electroneurophysiologic (electroencephalographic) studies, electrocardiography, clinical blood and urine tests, aswell as biochemical blood tests by measuring glucose, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, and creatinine clearance level.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Compliance with the first efficacy criterion after using Midazolam and Sibazon was observed in 11 (84.6%) and 9 (75%) patients in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, showing insignificant differences (Fisher's exact test (FET): p=0.645). The number of no cases of repeated convulsive seizure within 24 hours after drug administration differed significantly and was 12 (92.3%) and 6 (50%), respectively (FET: p=0.030). The number of cases with no second seizures within 48 hours after drug administration in Group 1 and Group 2 was 12 (92.3%) and 5 (41.7%), respectively, showing insignificant differences (FET: p=0.0112). No serious adverse events were reported during the study. No patients cancelled participation in the study due to developed adverse event.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The data obtained evidence about compatibility of therapeutic efficacy profile and similar safety profile for “Midazolam, oromucosal (buccal) solution” and “Sibazon, solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration” that agrees with multiple data of earlier studies.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: доказать сопоставимость профиля терапевтической эффективности и сходный профиль безопасности препаратов «Мидазолам, раствор защечный» (международное непатентованное название (МНН) – мидазолам) и «Сибазон, раствор для внутривенного и внутримышечного инъецирования» (МНН – диазепам) у детей от 1 года до 18 лет с первично-генерализованными и билатеральными тоническими, клоническими и тонико-клоническими судорогами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено открытое рандомизированное клиническое исследование 24 пациентов с первично-генерализованными и билатеральными тоническими, клоническими и тонико-клоническими судорогами, вызванными эпилепсией или эпилептическим синдромом. Дозы Мидазолама при однократном буккальном введении: 5 мг для детей младшей возрастной группы (1 тюбик-капельница 5 мг/мл), 7,5 мг для детей средней возрастной группы (1 тюбик-капельница 5 мг/мл и 1 тюбик-капельница 2,5 мг/мл), 10 мг для детей старшей возрастной группы (2 тюбик-капельницы по 5 мг/мл). В группе сравнения использовалось однократное внутримышечное введение дозы препарата Сибазон. Эффективность препаратов оценивали по первичному и вторичным критериям. В качестве первичного критерия использовали количество случаев применения в каждой группе, при которых судороги закончились в течение 10 мин после применения препарата и не возобновлялись в течение 60 мин после введения препарата. В качестве вторичных критериев применяли следующие: отсутствие повторного судорожного припадка в течение 24 ч после введения препарата, отсутствие повторного судорожного припадка в течение 48 ч после введения препарата, время до повторного судорожного припадка в течение 48 ч после введения препарата. Клиническую оценку проводили по данным физикального осмотра, электроэнцефалографического исследования, электрокардиографии, клинических анализов крови и мочи, а также биохимического исследования крови, включавшего в себя исследования на глюкозу, общий белок, альбумин, общий билирубин, холестерин, аспартатаминотрансферазу, аланинаминотрансферазу, креатинфосфокиназу, щелочную фосфатазу, креатинин, мочевину и определение клиренса креатинина.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Соответствие первому критерию эффективности при применении Мидазолама было отмечено у 11 (84,6%) пациентов, а при использовании Сибазона – у 9 (75,0%). Различия были статистически незначимы (точный критерий Фишера (ТКФ): p=0,645). Количество случаев отсутствия повторного судорожного припадка в течение 24 ч после введения препарата в 1-й группе составило 12 (92,3%), а во 2-й группе – 6 (50%) (ТКФ: p=0,030). Количество случаев отсутствия повторного судорожного припадка в течение 48 ч после введения препарата в 1-й группе составило 12 (92,3 %), во 2-й группе – 5 (41,7%) (ТКФ: p=0,0112). Серьезных нежелательных явлений в ходе исследования зарегистрировано не было.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о сопоставимости профиля терапевтической эффективности и сходном профиле безопасности препаратов «Мидазолам, раствор защечный» и «Сибазон, раствор для внутривенного и внутримышечного введения», что согласуется с результатами многочисленных проведенных ранее исследований.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>генерализованные эпилептические припадки</kwd><kwd>эпилептический статус</kwd><kwd>мидазолам</kwd><kwd>Сибазон</kwd><kwd>диазепам</kwd><kwd>буккальное введение</kwd><kwd>защечное введение</kwd><kwd>внутривенное введение</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>generalized epileptic seizures</kwd><kwd>epileptic seizures</kwd><kwd>epileptic status</kwd><kwd>midazolam</kwd><kwd>Sibazon</kwd><kwd>diazepam</kwd><kwd>buccal administration</kwd><kwd>post-buccal administration</kwd><kwd>intravenous administration</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Спонсором исследования выступила компания-производитель ФГУП «Московский эндокринный завод», что не повлияло на структуру исследования, анализ и интерпретацию данных, а также на принятие решения о публикации полученных результатов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was sponsored by the Moscow Endocrine Plant, which did not affect the study structure, analysis, and interpretation of the data as well as the decision on the publication of the obtained results.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bastos F., Cross J.H. 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