epilepsiaEpilepsy and paroxysmal conditionsЭпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния2077-83332311-4088IRBIS LLC10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.134epilepsia-847Research ArticleSCIENTIFIC SURVEYSНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫCognitive impairment in temporal lobe epilepsyКогнитивные нарушения при височной эпилепсииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-8651ТеплышоваА. М.TeplyshovaA. M.

Теплышова Анна Михайловна – к.м.н., cтарший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической нейрофизиологии

РИНЦ SPIN-код: 8488-3512

Волоколамское ш., д. 80, Москва 125367

Anna M. Teplyshova – MD, PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology

RSCI SPIN-code: 8488-3512

80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367

Teplyshova-anna@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1245-0095ШалимановаЕ. В.ShalimanovaE. V.

Шалиманова Елена Витальевна – врач-невролог консультативно-диагностического отделения

РИНЦ SPIN-код: 6687-4334

Волоколамское ш., д. 80, Москва 125367

Elena V. Shalimanova – Neurologist, Consulting and Diagnostic Department

RSCI SPIN-code: 6687-4334

80 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125367

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научный центр неврологии»РоссияResearch Center of NeurologyRussian Federation202218012023144355361Copyright © Teplyshova A.M., Shalimanova E.V., 20232023Теплышова А.М., Шалиманова Е.В.Teplyshova A.M., Shalimanova E.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/847

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common comorbid pathology in epilepsy patients that exerts profound negative impact on quality of life. The CI causes may be due to various factors related to etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of epilepsy. A typical disorder in temporal lobe epilepsy is memory impairment. However, neuropsychological impairments may be more extensive and involve other neuropsychological domains. The risk of CI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy may increase in structural brain disorders such as hippocampal sclerosis as well as in frequent seizures, early onset and long course of the disease. Surgical treatment of epilepsy may positively or negatively impact the cognitive function. In recent years, due to development of neurosciences as well as advances in the field of medical technologies, particularly neuroimaging, genetics, immunology, and biochemistry, new data emerged regarding potential mechanisms for developing CI in patients with epilepsy. The aim of the review is to assess available ideas about neurophysiological mechanisms of CI development, cues influencing emergence of neuropsychological disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Когнитивные нарушения (КН) являются распространенной коморбидной патологией у пациентов с эпилепсией и оказывают значительное негативное влияние на качество жизни. Причины, вызывающие КН, могут быть обусловлены различными факторами, связанными с этиологией, клиническими проявлениями и лечением эпилепсии. Характерным расстройством при височной эпилепсии считается нарушение памяти. Однако нейропсихологические нарушения могут быть более обширными и затрагивать другие нейропсихологические домены. Риск КН у пациентов с височной эпилепсией может повышаться при структурных повреждениях мозга, таких как склероз гиппокампа, а также при частых приступах, раннем дебюте и длительном течении заболевания. Хирургическое лечение эпилепсии может оказывать влияние на когнитивные функции – как положительное, так и отрицательное. В последние годы в связи с развитием нейронаук, а также достижениями в области медицинских технологий, в частности нейровизуализации, генетики, иммунологии, биохимии, появились новые сведения о возможных механизмах развития КН у больных эпилепсией. Целью данного обзора является рассмотрение современных представлений о нейрофизиологических механизмах развития КН, факторах, влияющих на появление нейропсихологических нарушений у пациентов с височной эпилепсией.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.