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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.131</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-876</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome as a complication of pembrolizumab treatment in an adult patient (a case report and literature review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Развитие синдрома опсоклонус-миоклонус-атаксии у взрослого пациента на фоне терапии пембролизумабом (описание клинического случая и анализ литературных данных)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3963-2393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцева</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumiantseva</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцева Ксения Алексеевна – невролог отделения нейроонкологии </p><p>Ленинградская ул., д. 68А, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург 197758</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia A. Rumiantseva – Neurologist, Department of Neurooncology</p><p>68А lit. А Leningradskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 197758</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полушин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polushin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полушин Алексей Юрьевич – к.м.н., руководитель отделения химиотерапии и трансплантации при онкологических и аутоиммунных заболеваниях, заведующий научно-исследовательской лабораторией нейроонкологии и аутоиммунных заболеваний Научно-исследовательского института детской онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии им. Р.М. Горбачевой, доцент кафедры неврологии</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8, Санкт-Петербург 197022</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57195962540</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey Yu. Polushin – MD, PhD, Head of Department of Chemotherapy and Transplantation for Oncological and Autoimmune Diseases, Head of Research Laboratory of Neurooncology and Autoimmune Diseases, Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Associate Professor, Chair of Neurology</p><p>6-8 Lev Tolstoy Str., Saint Petersburg 197022</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57195962540</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-0241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулоева</surname><given-names>Н. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abduloeva</surname><given-names>N. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдулоева Нуринисо Хамдуллоевна – к.м.н., заместитель директора по амбулаторно-поликлинической помощи</p><p>Ленинградская ул., д. 68А, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург 197758</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 41560995500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nuriniso Kh. Abduloeva – MD, PhD, Deputy Director for Outpatient Care</p><p>68А lit. А Leningradskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 197758</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 41560995500</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-1032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скиба</surname><given-names>Я. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skiba</surname><given-names>Ya. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скиба Ярослав Богданович – к.м.н., врач-невролог Научно-исследовательского института детской онкологии, гематологиии транспланталогии им. Р.М. Горбачевой</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8, Санкт-Петербург 197022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: ABC-9723-2020</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211950985</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav B. Skiba – MD, PhD, Neurologist, Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology</p><p>6-8 Lev Tolstoy Str., Saint Petersburg 197022</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: ABC-9723-2020</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57211950985</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yaver-99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-0441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseenko</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Моисеенко Владимир Михайлович – д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор</p><p>Ленинградская ул., д. 68А, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург 197758</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603976335</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Moiseenko – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Director</p><p>68А lit. А Leningradskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 197758</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 6603976335</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи (онкологический)»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialised Types of Medical Care (Oncological)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Rumiantseva K.A., Polushin A.Y., Abduloeva N.K., Skiba Y.B., Moiseenko V.M., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Румянцева К.А., Полушин А.Ю., Абдулоева Н.Х., Скиба Я.Б., Моисеенко В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rumiantseva K.A., Polushin A.Y., Abduloeva N.K., Skiba Y.B., Moiseenko V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/876">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/876</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) in adults is an extremely rare condition, often leading to rapidly deteriorated neurological performance. The majority of published cases are considered as being of post-infectious, paraneoplastic or idiopathic origin. However, there have been reported few OMAS cases developed after administration of check-point inhibitors used in various oncological conditions. In the last decade, the widespread use of immunotherapy in oncology has led to rise in immune-related adverse events, including diverse neurological toxicities.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate an opportunity of OMAS-triggering PD-1 treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. We present the case report of a subacute OMAS onset in an elderly man after continuous administration of pembrolizumab as a first line treatment in bronchial squamous cell carcinoma. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. We also review the main OMAS clinical features, pathogenesis and immunological mechanisms in adults along with potential diagnostic and management strategies.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The development of severe OMAS clinical picture during immunotherapy required the withdrawal of targeted treatment, which in combination with glucocorticoids led to a prominent regression of neurological deficit. After a thorough clinical investigation, infectious and organic factors were excluded, allowing for proposal of immunotherapy-triggered OMAS etiology in the patient.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Discontinuation of immunotherapy may be a justified means for OMAS clinical features in adult patients with verified oncological condition undergoing treatment with check-point inhibitors (considering all other etiologies are ruled out).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Синдром опсоклонус-миоклонус-атаксии (англ. opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome, ОМАS) у взрослых является крайне редким заболеванием, зачастую приводящим к быстрой инвалидизации пациентов. Описанные в литературе случаи чаще всего трактуются как постинфекционные, паранеопластические или идиопатические. Однако стали появляться публикации о развитии OMAS на фоне терапии онкологических заболеваний ингибиторами контрольных точек. За последнее десятилетие показания к применению иммунотерапии для лечения злокачественных новообразований значительно расширились, что приводит к росту иммуноопосредованных осложнений, в т.ч. с поражением нервной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: продемонстрировать возможную связь между терапией ингибитором PD-1 и развитием OMAS.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Представлен клинический случай возникновения OMAS у пожилого пациента при применении пембролизумаба в качестве первой линии терапии по поводу плоскоклеточного рака бронха. Исследование проведено в соответствии с Хельсинкской декларацией. Также выполнен обзор научной литературы и клинических рекомендаций: обобщены основные клинические характеристики OMAS у взрослых, патогенетические и иммунологические механизмы указанного синдрома, освещены современные подходы к диагностике и терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Развитие клинической картины OMAS тяжелой степени на фоне иммунотерапии потребовало отмены таргетного лечения, что в сочетании с применением глюкокортикоидов привело к значимому регрессу неврологического дефицита. По данным проведенного обследования были исключены вероятные параинфекционные и органические причины, предположен лекарственно-индуцированный механизм развития OMAS.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Развитие клинической картины OMAS у взрослых пациентов с известным онкологическим заболеванием на фоне терапии ингибиторами контрольных точек может стать обоснованной причиной для отмены проводимого лечения при исключении других возможных этиологических факторов.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Синдром опсоклонус-миоклонус-атаксии</kwd><kwd>опсоклонус</kwd><kwd>миоклонус</kwd><kwd>атаксия</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd><kwd>иммуноопосредованные неврологические осложнения</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>осложнения лечения онкологических заболеваний</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome</kwd><kwd>OMAS</kwd><kwd>opsoclonus</kwd><kwd>myoclonus</kwd><kwd>ataxia</kwd><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd><kwd>neurologic immune-related adverse events</kwd><kwd>check-point inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kinsbourne M. 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