epilepsiaEpilepsy and paroxysmal conditionsЭпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния2077-83332311-4088IRBIS LLC10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.149epilepsia-908Research ArticleSCIENTIFIC SURVEYSНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫThird generation antiepileptic drugs: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, interaction and use in childhoodАнтиэпилептические препараты третьего поколения: механизм действия, фармакокинетика, взаимодействие и применение в детском возрастеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5809-1457ТадтаеваЗ. Г.TadtaevaZ. G.

Тадтаева Зара Григорьевна – д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии и фармакоэкономики 

ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург 194100

Zara G. Tadtaeva – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Chair of Pharmacology with the Course of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics

2 Litovskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 194100

Tadtaeva2003@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-632XГалустянА. Н.GalustyanA. N.

Галустян Анна Николаевна – к.м.н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии и фармакоэкономики

ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург 194100

Anna N. Galustyan – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chief of Chair of Pharmacology with the Course of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics

2 Litovskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 194100

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-710XГромоваО. А.GromovaO. A.

Громова Ольга Алексеевна – д.м.н., профессор, научный руководитель Института фармакоинформатики

WoS ResearcherID: J-4946-2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812

ул. Вавилова, д. 4, Москва 119333

Olga A. Gromova – Dr. Med. Sc., Professor, Research Supervisor, Institute of Pharmacoinformatics

WoS ResearcherID: J-4946- 2017; Scopus Author ID: 7003589812

4 Vavilov Str., Moscow 211933

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-411XСардарянИ. С.SardaryanI. S.

Сардарян Иван Суренович – к.м.н., доцент кафедры фармакологии с курсом клинической фармакологии и фармакоэкономики

Scopus Author ID: 57200672112

ул. Литовская, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург 194100

Ivan S. Sardaryan – MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair of Pharmacology with the Course of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University

Scopus Author ID: 57200672112

2 Litovskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 194100

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSaint Petersburg Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center “Computer Science and Control”, RASRussian Federation202309072023152160170Copyright © Tadtaeva Z.G., Galustyan A.N., Gromova O.A., Sardaryan I.S., 20232023Тадтаева З.Г., Галустян А.Н., Громова О.А., Сардарян И.С.Tadtaeva Z.G., Galustyan A.N., Gromova O.A., Sardaryan I.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/908

The review considers pharmacological characteristics of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) of the third generation such as eslicarbazepine, lacosamide, retigabine, perampanel, everolimus, brivaracetam, zonisamide. The data on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, indications for use and side effects are presented. The drugs are recognized as superior in safety and efficacy to previously known AEDs of the first and second generations. The majority of new AEDs is used to control focal seizures, as well as in specific epileptic syndromes (Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome), and tuberous sclerosis. The drugs differ in the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, effectiveness and profile of side effects, which account for an opportunity to apply a personalized approach to patient treatment. Properly selected therapy allows to achieve good control over epileptic seizures as well as lower a risk of disease-related complications. While prescribing AEDs, it is necessary to take into account their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features.

В обзоре рассматриваются фармакологические характеристики новых антиэпилептических препаратов (АЭП) третьего поколения: эсликарбазепин, лакосамид, ретигабин, перампанел, эверолимус, бриварацетам, зонисамид. Приводятся данные о механизмах действия, фармакокинетике, лекарственных взаимодействиях, показаниях к применению и побочных эффектах. Препараты признаны превосходящими по безопасности и эффективности ранее известные АЭП первого и второго поколений. Большинство новых АЭП применяются для контроля фокальных приступов, а также при специфических эпилептических синдромах (синдром Леннокса–Гасто, синдром Драве) и туберозном склерозе. Различия препаратов по механизму действия, фармакокинетическим свойствам, эффективности и профилю побочных эффектов определяют возможность персонифицированного подхода к лечению пациента. Правильно подобранная терапия позволяет достичь хорошего контроля над эпилептическими приступами, а также снизить риск развития осложнений. При назначении АЭП необходимо учитывать их фармакокинетические и фармакодинамические особенности.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.