epilepsiaEpilepsy and paroxysmal conditionsЭпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния2077-83332311-4088IRBIS LLC10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.152epilepsia-932Research ArticleSCIENTIFIC SURVEYSНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫUnravelling the neurochemical maze: neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and novel drug modes of action based on epilepsy pathophysiologyВыход из нейрохимического лабиринта: нейротрансмиттеры, нейропептиды и основанные на патофизиологии эпилепсии механизмы действия новых лекарственных средствhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7655-1667ДхаллМ.DhallM.

Маниш Дхалл – магистр фармацевтики, доктор философии, ассистент кафедры, Фармацевтический колледж

Дарьяо Нагар, Рохтак, Харьяна 124001

Manish Dhall – M. Pharm., PhD, Assistant Professor

Rohtak, Haryana 124001

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-5409КадианР.KadianR.

Рену Кадиан – магистр фармацевтики, доктор философии, руководитель

 

Renu Kadian – M. Pharm., PhD, Principle 

Sultanpur, Farrukhnagar, Gurgaon, Haryana 122507

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9539-3139ШармаП.SharmaP.

Прерна Шарма – доцент

Ямунанагар, Харьяна 135001

Prerna Sharma – Associate Professor

Yamunanagar, Haryana 135001

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9840-9855ХоодаА.HoodaA.

Анил Хоода – магистр фармацевтики, ассистент кафедры фармацевтического образования и научных исследований, Южный кампус, Бхайнсуал Калан

Ханпур Калан, Сонепат, Харьяна 131409

Anil Hooda – M. Pharm., Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, South Campus, Bhainswal Kalan

Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana 131409

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5220-7492КумарП.KumarP.

Пушпандер Кумар – магистр фармацевтики, доктор философии, ассистент кафедры фармацевтического образования и научных исследований, Южный кампус, Бхайнсуал Калан

Ханпур Калан, Сонепат, Харьяна 131409

Pushpander Kumar – M. Pharm., PhD, Assistant Professor (T), Department of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, South Campus, Bhainswal Kalan

Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana 131409

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6103-7680МадгалП.MudgalP.

Прайя Мадгал – магистр фармацевтики, ассистент кафедры, факультет фармацевтических наук

Бахадургарх, Харьяна 124507

Priya Mudgal – M. Pharm., Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Bahadurgarh, Haryana 124507

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8147-9361СингхК.SinghK.

Кулвант Сингх – магистр фармацевтики, ассистент кафедры

Сирса, Харьяна 125055

Kulwant Singh – M. Pharm., Assistant Professor

Sirsa, Haryana 125055

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-4427АрьяА.AryaA.

Ашвани Арья – магистр фармацевтики, доктор философии, ассистент кафедры фармацевтического образования и научных исследований, Южный кампус, Бхайнсуал Калан

Ханпур Калан, Сонепат, Харьяна 131409

Ashwani Arya – M. Pharm., PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, South Campus, Bhainswal Kalan

Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana 131409

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-3481РаниН.RaniN.

Нидхи Рани – магистр фармацевтики, доктор философии, доцент кафедры фармацевтической химии, Фармацевтический колледж Читкара

Раджпура, Пенджаб 140401

Nidhi Rani – M. Pharm., PhD, Associate Professor, Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Rajpura, Punjab 140401

Университет медицинских наук им. Пандита Бхагвата Даяла ШармыИндияCollege of Pharmacy, PGIMS (SDPGIPS) Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health SciencesIndiaФармацевтический колледж Рама ГопалаИндияRam Gopal College of PharmacyIndiaФармацевтический колледж гуру Гобинда СингхаИндияGuru Gobind Singh College of PharmacyIndiaЖенский университет Бхагат Фул СингхИндияBhagat Phool Singh Women UniversityIndiaУниверситет PDMИндияPDM UniversityIndiaИнститут технологий и наук РаджендрыИндияRajendra Institute of Technology and SciencesIndiaУниверситет ЧиткараИндияChitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara UniversityIndia202328092023153282–293Copyright © Dhall M., Kadian R., Sharma P., Hooda A., Kumar P., Mudgal P., Singh K., Arya A., Rani N., 20232023Дхалл М., Кадиан Р., Шарма П., Хоода А., Кумар П., Мадгал П., Сингх К., Арья А., Рани Н.Dhall M., Kadian R., Sharma P., Hooda A., Kumar P., Mudgal P., Singh K., Arya A., Rani N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/932

The brain is extremely complicated three dimensional structures made up of interconnected neurons and neuroglia cells. It entails all type of functions of our body whether we are healthy or in disease conditions. Brain is accountable for our connectivity with the surroundings; all this is performed by an organized and systemic electrical activity of neurons by which they communicate messages to and from the brain. The abnormal electrical activity leading to the intense outburst of impulses, results in the development of epilepsy. Epilepsy is typified by recurrent, unprovoked seizures as a result excessive, hypersynchronous discharge of neurons occurs in the brain. Nearly 1% of the population throughout the worldwide is suffering from epilepsy and almost 75% begins at childhood. The patients almost one third are resistant to current available antiepileptic drugs. We don’t have the deep knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease which can prove useful in further research for drugs with new mechanisms of action for diseases. This paper covers the role various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Our objective is to introduce the scientists with that aspect of the disease which may prove useful for further development of new drugs of epilepsy to overcome the resistance shown by the patientsorithm.

Мозг представляет собой чрезвычайно сложную трехмерную структуру, состоящую из взаимосвязанных нейронов и клеток нейроглии, которые определяют все проявления функций организма человека в норме и при патологии. Взаимодействие с окружающей средой осуществляется благодаря организованной и системной электрической активности нейронов, с помощью которой они передают сообщения в мозг и от него. Патологическая электрическая активность, приводящая к интенсивной вспышке возбуждения, приводит к развитию эпилепсии. Для эпилепсии характерны повторяющиеся неспровоцированные приступы в результате чрезмерного гиперсинхронного разряда нейронов в головном мозге. Около 1% населения во всем мире страдает эпилепсией, при этом почти у 75% больных она начинается в детстве. Почти у 1/3 пациентов заболевание резистентно к современным противоэпилептическим препаратам. В настоящее время отсутствует глубокое понимание патофизиологии данной болезни, которое могло бы быть полезным в дальнейших исследованиях лекарственных средств с новыми механизмами действия. В статье рассматривается роль различных нейротрансмиттеров и нейропептидов в патофизиологии эпилепсии. Задача обзора – познакомить ученых с накопленными представлениями об эпилепсии, которые могли бы помочь в дальнейшей разработке новых препаратов, нацеленных на преодоление терапевтической резистентности у пациентов с эпилепсией.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.