epilepsiaEpilepsy and paroxysmal conditionsЭпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния2077-83332311-4088IRBIS LLC10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.161epilepsia-964Research ArticleSCIENTIFIC SURVEYSНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫEtiopathogenetic mechanisms of epilepsy and comparative characteristics of audiogenic epilepsy experimental modelsЭтиопатогенетические механизмы эпилепсии и сравнительная характеристика экспериментальных моделей аудиогенной эпилепсииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-504XБажановаЕ. Д.BazhanovaЕ. D.

Бажанова Елена Давыдовна – д.б.н., заведующая лабораторией морфологии и электронной микроскопии; ведущий научный сотрудник 

Scopus Author ID: 6701718880

ул. Бехтерева, д. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 192019;

пр-т Тореза, д. 44, Санкт-Петербург, 194223

Elena D. Bazhanova – Dr. Biol. Sc., Head of Laboratory of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Golikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology; Leading Researcher, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry

1 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019;

4 Torez Ave., Saint Petersburg 194223

bazhanovae@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-0658КозловА. А.KozlovА. А.

Козлов Александр Александрович – научный сотрудник лаборатории морфологии и электронной микроскопии 

WoS ResearcherID: 57194517307;

Scopus Author ID: 57224219098

ул. Бехтерева, д. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 192019

Aleksandr A. Kozlov – Researcher, Laboratory of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Golikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology

1 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019

СоколоваЮ. О.SokolovaYu. О.

Соколова Юлия Олеговна – к.б.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории морфологии и электронной микроскопии 

ул. Бехтерева, д. 1, Санкт-Петербург, 192019

Yulia O. Sokolova – Cand. Biol. Sc., Laboratory of Morphology and Electron Microscopy, Golikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology

1 Bekhterev Str., Saint Petersburg 192019

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии им. академика С.Н. Голикова» Федерального медико-биологического агентства России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова» Российской академии наукРоссияGolikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии им. академика С.Н. Голикова» Федерального медико-биологического агентства РоссииРоссияGolikov Scientific and Clinical Center of Toxicology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of RussiaRussian Federation202322122023154372383Copyright © Bazhanova Е.D., Kozlov А.А., Sokolova Y.О., 20232023Бажанова Е.Д., Козлов А.А., Соколова Ю.О.Bazhanova Е.D., Kozlov А.А., Sokolova Y.О.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/964

Epilepsy is a widespread neurological chronic disease characterized by recurrent seizures, manifested as short-term partial or generalized convulsions and accompanied by loss of consciousness. To correctly select a treatment method for epilepsy, it is necessary to investigate the cues resulting in its development, but it is not always possible to identify a cause of the disease and chose proper treatment. Drug resistance remains one of the major issues in treatment of epilepsy, despite a great body of studies describing its nature. In this regard, it is necessary to select a model for examining epileptic seizures and underlying mechanisms, searching for genes involved in regulation of epilepsy as well as assessing effectiveness and safety of new antiepileptic drugs. It was noted that rodents, especially Krushinsky–Molodkina rat strain represent a suitable genetic model for audiogenic epilepsy to dissect the mechanisms of epileptogenesis, genetic basis of seizure susceptibility, development of drug resistance, and testing new antiepileptic drugs. Despite that the audiogenic form of reflex epilepsy is quite rare in humans, it was revealed that the same underlying genes, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways are responsible for enabling audiogenic seizures in rodents and human epilepsy, additionally coupled to developing similar neuroanatomical anomalies.

Эпилепсия – распространенное неврологическое хроническое заболевание, для которого характерны повторяющиеся припадки, проявляющиеся в виде кратковременных парциальных или генерализованных судорог и сопровождающиеся потерей сознания. Для правильного подбора способа лечения эпилепсии необходимо исследовать факторы, вызывающие ее развитие, однако не всегда удается выявить причину заболевания и подобрать адекватное лечение. Лекарственная устойчивость остается одной из главных проблем при лечении эпилепсии, несмотря на большое количество работ, описывающих ее природу. В связи с этим следует подобрать модель для изучения эпилептических припадков и их механизмов, поиска генов, участвующих в регуляции эпилепсии, а также оценки эффективности и безопасности новых противоэпилептических препаратов. Отмечено, что грызуны, в особенности крысы Крушинского–Молодкиной, являются подходящей генетической моделью аудиогенной эпилепсии для изучения механизмов эпилептогенеза, генетических основ предрасположенности к судорожным состояниям, развития лекарственной устойчивости и тестирования новых противоэпилептических лекарств. Несмотря на то что аудиогенная форма рефлекторной эпилепсии достаточно редко встречается у человека, выявлено, что в реализации аудиогенных припадков грызунов и эпилепсии человека участвуют одни и те же гены, молекулярные механизмы и сигнальные пути, возникают сходные нейроанатомические аномалии.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.