<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">epilepsia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпилепсия и пароксизмальные состояния</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2077-8333</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-4088</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IRBIS LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">epilepsia-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>NEW BIOMOLECULAR TARGETS FOR ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>НОВЫЕ БИОМОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ МИШЕНИ ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ПРОТОВОЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронина Татьяна Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, руководитель лаборатории психофармакологии.</p><p>Адрес: Балтийская ул., д. 8, Москва, Россия, 125315</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronina Tat'yana Aleksandrovna – MD, Honored Scientist of Russia, professor, head of the Laboratory of Psychopharmacology.</p><p>Address: Baltiiskaya str., 8, Moscow, 125315, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voroninata38@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авакян</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avakyan</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авакян Георгий Гагикович –  кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики.</p><p>Адрес: ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва, 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Avakyan Georgii Gagikovich – MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics. </p><p>Address: Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavakyan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неробкова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nerobkova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Неробкова Любовь Николаевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Адрес: Балтийская ул., д. 8, г. Москва, Россия, 125315</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nerobkova Lyubov' Nikolaevna – Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow.</p><p>Address: Baltiiskaya str., 8, Moscow, 125315, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ln_Nerobkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвинова Светлана Александровна – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>Адрес: Балтийская ул., д. 8, г. Москва, Россия, 125315</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Litvinova Svetlana Aleksandrovna – Ph.D., Leading Researcher.</p><p>Address: Baltiiskaya str., 8, Moscow, 125315</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sa_litvinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авакян</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avakyan</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авакян Гагик Норайрович – доктор медицинских наук, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, профессор кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики. </p><p>Адрес: ул. Островитянова, д. 1, Москва, Россия, 117997.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Avakyan Gagik Norairovich – MD, Honored Scientist of Russia, Professor of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics.</p><p>Address: ul. Ostrovityanova, 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gavakyan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ Фармакологии им. В.В. Закусова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voronina T.A., Avakyan G.G., Nerobkova L.N., Litvinova S.A., Avakyan G.N., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воронина Т.А., Авакян Г.Г., Неробкова Л.Н., Литвинова С.А., Авакян Г.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronina T.A., Avakyan G.G., Nerobkova L.N., Litvinova S.A., Avakyan G.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/99">https://www.epilepsia.su/jour/article/view/99</self-uri><abstract><p>The review presents data on new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), which have been applied in medical practice in recent years. New AEDs have different spectrum of pharmacological effects and mechanism of action. The authors presented the classification of AEDs for their ability to influence the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. This article contains information about AEDs, blocking or modifying the ionic conductivity of the voltagedependent Na+ and Ca++-channels; AEDs, blocking glutamate receptors; AEDs, activating the ionic conductivity of K+ channels; AEDs, enhancing the braking effect of GABA</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре представлены данные о новых антиэпилептических препаратах (АЭП), которые получили применение в лечебной практике в последние годы. Новые АЭП обладают различным спектром фармакологических эффектов и механизмом действия. Представлена классификация АЭП по их способности оказывать влияние на процессы возбуждения и торможения в ЦНС. Приводятся данные об АЭП, блокирующих или модифицирующих ионную проводимость вольтаж-зависимых Na+ и Са++-каналов; АЭП, блокирующих глутаматные рецепторы; АЭП, активирующих ионную проводимость К+ -каналов; АЭП, усиливающих тормозное действие ГАМК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>противоэпилептические препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epilepsy</kwd><kwd>antiepileptic drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронина Т.А., Смирнов Л.Д., Дюмаев К.М. Влияние мембраномодулятора из класса 3-оксипиридина на фармакологическую активность психотропных препаратов. Бюлл. экспер. биол. и мед. 1985; ХСIХ (5): 519-522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronina T.A., Smirnov L.D., Dyumaev K.M. Byull. eksper. biol. i med. 1985; ХСIХ (5): 519-522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронина Т.А. Мексидол. Основные нейропсихотропные эффекты и механизм действия. Фарматека. 2009; 180 (6): 1-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronina T.A. Farmateka. 2009; 180 (6): 1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюмаев К.М., Воронина Т.А., Смирнов Л.Д. Антиоксиданты в профилактике и терапии патологий ЦНС. М. 1995; 271 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyumaev K.M., Voronina T.A., Smirnov L.D. The antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of pathologies of the central nervous system [Antioksidanty v profilaktike i terapii patologii TsNS (in Russian)]. Moscow. 1995; 271 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еременко А.В. Роль мембранотропных свойств производных 3-оксипиридина в фармакологическом эффекте. Автореф. дисс. канд. биол. наук. М. 1988; 22 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eremenko A.V. Role membranotropnyh properties of 3-hydroxypyridine in the pharmacological effect. PhD Diss. [Rol' membranotropnykh svoistv proizvodnykh 3-oksipiridina v farmakologicheskom effekte (in Russian)]. Moscow. 1988; 22 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мотин В.Г., Калашников Н.В., Резник Е.В. Яснецов В.В., Ходоров Б.И.Ноотропмексидол блокирует NMDA подтипглутаматных рецепторов/каналов. Тез.докл. XI конгресса «Человек и лекарство». М. 2004; 261-262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Motin V.G., Kalashnikov N.V., Reznik E.V. Yasnetsov V.V., Khodorov B.I. Nootropil mexidol block the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors / channels. Proc. rep. IX Congress "Man and Medicine" [Nootrop meksidol blokiruet NMDA podtip glutamatnykh retseptorov/kanalov. Tez. dokl. XI kongressa «Chelovek i lekarstvo» (in Russian)]. Moscow. 2004; 261-262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков В.Е., Кулагин К.Н., Ковалева Л.А., Активность липидной пероксидации в динамике черепно-мозговой травмы и ее коррекция мексидолом. Труды 4-й научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Активные формы кислорода, оксид азота, антиоксиданты и здоровье человека». Смоленск. 2005; 283-284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov V.E., Kulagin K.N., Kovaleva L.A. Activity of lipid peroxidation in the dynamics of traumatic brain injury and its correction meksidolom. Proceedings of the 4th scientific conference with international participation "Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, antioxidants and human health" [Aktivnost' lipidnoi peroksidatsii v dinamike cherepno-mozgovoi travmy i ee korrektsiya meksidolom. Trudy 4-i nauchnoprakticheskoi konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Aktivnye formy kisloroda, oksid azota, antioksidanty i zdorov'e cheloveka» (in Russian)]. Smolensk. 2005; 283-284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукьянова Л.Д., Атабаева Р.Е., Шепелева С.Ю. Биоэнергетические механизмы антигипоксического действия сукцинатсодержащего производного 3-оксипиридина. Бюл. экспер. биол и мед. 1993; 3: 259-260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luk'yanova L.D., Atabaeva R.E., Shepeleva S.Yu. Byul. eksper. biol i med. 1993; 3: 259260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукьянова Л.Д. Современные проблемы гипоксии. Вестник РАМН. 2000; 9: 3-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luk'yanova L.D. Vestnik RAMN. 2000; 9: 3-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Середенин С.Б., Бледнов Ю.А., Воронина Т.А., Смирнов Л.Д. Влияние мембраномодулятора 3-оксипиридина на эмоционально-стрессовую реакцию и связывание Н3-диазепама в мозге инбредных мышей. Химико-фармалогический журнал. 1987; 2: 134-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seredenin S.B., Blednov Yu.A., Voronina T.A., Smirnov L.D. Khimiko-farmalogicheskii zhurnal. 1987; 2: 134-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щулькин А.В. Влияние мексидола на развитие феномена эксайтотоксичности нейронов invitro. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии. 2012; 2: 35-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shchul'kin A.V. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii. 2012; 2: 35-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яснецов В.В. Влияние некоторых нейротропных веществ на дыхание митохондрий клеток головного мозга крыс. Вестник ВолГМУ. 2009; 2: 72-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasnetsov V.V. Vestnik VolGMU. 2009; 2: 72-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BashkatovaV., Narkevich V., VitskovaG., et al. The influence of anticonvulsant and antioxidant drugs on nitric oxide level and lipid peroxidation in the rat brain during penthylenetetrazole-induced epileptiform model seizures.Biol. Psychiatry. 2003; 27: 487-492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashkatova V., Narkevich V., Vitskova G., et al. The influence of anticonvulsant and antioxidant drugs on nitric oxide level and lipid peroxidation in the rat brain during penthylenetetrazole-induced epileptiform model seizures. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2003; 27: 487-492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biton V. Zonisamide: newer antiepileptic agent with multiple mechanisms of action. Exper. Rev. Neurother. 2004; 4 (6): 935-943.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biton V. Zonisamide: newer antiepileptic agent with multiple mechanisms of action. Exper. Rev. Neurother. 2004; 4 (6): 935-943.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillard M., Chatelain P., Fuks B. Binding characteristics of levetiracetam to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in human brain and CHO cells expressing the human recombinant protein. Eur J Pharm. 2006; 256: 102-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillard M., Chatelain P., Fuks B. Binding characteristics of levetiracetam to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in human brain and CHO cells expressing the human recombinant protein. Eur J Pharm. 2006; 256: 102-108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meehan A. et al. A new mechanism for antiepileptic drug action: vesicular entry may mediate the effects of levetiracetam. J Neurophysiol. 2011; 106(3): 1227-1239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meehan A. et al. A new mechanism for antiepileptic drug action: vesicular entry may mediate the effects of levetiracetam. J Neurophysiol. 2011; 106 (3): 1227-1239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NothdurfterС.,Baghai T.С., SchuleС., Rupprecht R., Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for anxiety and neurologic disorders Eur Arch Psychiatry ClinNeurosci. 2012; 262 (2): 107112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nothdurfter S., Baghai T.S., Schule S., Rupprecht R., Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for anxiety and neurologic disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012; 262 (2): 107-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NowackА., Levetiracetam Reverses Synaptic Deficits Produced by Overexpression of SV2A.PLoS One.2011; 6(12): 155-158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nowack A., Levetiracetam Reverses Synaptic Deficits Produced by Overexpression of SV2A. PLoS One. 2011; 6 (12): 155-158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papadopoulos V., Baraldi M., Guilarte T.R., Knudsen T.B., Lacapère J.J., Lindemann P. Translocator protein (18 kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006; 27: 402-409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papadopoulos V., Baraldi M., Guilarte T.R., Knudsen T.B., Lacapère J.J., Lindemann P. Translocator protein (18 kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006; 27: 402-409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rupprecht R., Papadopoulos V., Rammes G., Baghai T.C., Fan J., Akula N., Groyer G., Adams D., Schumacher M. Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010; 9: 971-988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rupprecht R., Papadopoulos V., Rammes G., Baghai T.C., Fan J., Akula N., Groyer G., Adams D., Schumacher M. Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010; 9: 971-988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ueda Y., Doi T., Tokumaru J., Willmore L. Effect of zonisamide on molecular regulation of glutamate and GABA transporter proteins during epileptogenesis in rats with hippocampal seizures. Mol Brain Res. 2003; 116 (1-2): 77-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ueda Y., Doi T., Tokumaru J., Willmore L. Effect of zonisamide on molecular regulation of glutamate and GABA transporter proteins during epileptogenesis in rats with hippocampal seizures. Mol Brain Res. 2003; 116 (1-2): 77-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogl C. et al.The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein SV2A ligand levetiracetam inhibits presynaptic Ca2+ channels through an intracellular pathway. Mol. Pharmacol. 2012; 82(2):199-208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogl C. et al. The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein SV2A ligand levetiracetam inhibits presynaptic Ca2+ channels through an intracellular pathway. Mol. Pharmacol. 2012; 82 (2): 199-208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voronina T.A., Seredenin S.B. Analysis of the mechanism of psychotropic action of 3-hydroxypyridine derivative.Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita.1988; 24: 461-466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voronina T.A., Seredenin S.B. Analysis of the mechanism of psychotropic action of 3-hydroxypyridine derivative. Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita. 1988; 24: 461-466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yunbo Li. Antioxidants in biology and Medicine. Nova Science Publishers. 2011; 423 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yunbo Li. Antioxidants in biology and Medicine. Nova Science Publishers. 2011; 423 s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
