Биоэлектронная медицина: новый рубеж в лечении заболеваний вегетативной нервной системы

Биоэлектронная медицина – это область исследований, которая постоянно развивается благодаря последним достижениям и совершенствованию биоэлектронных технологий, которые привели к появлению новых подходов и перспектив в диагностике и терапии заболеваний, в частности в области воспалительных рефлекторных иммунорегуляторных  функций и стимуляции блуждающего нерва (англ. vagus nerve stimulation, VNS). Блуждающий нерв, протяженный нерв вегетативной нервной системы, контролирует ряд физиологических  процессов в организме человека, включая артериальное давление, частоту дыхания, вазомоторную активность и некоторые рефлекторные движения. Недавние исследования в сфере биоэлектроники позволили проводить клинические тесты с использованием технологии VNS при воспалительных заболеваниях и других состояниях. Посылая непрерывные слабые электрические импульсы через блуждающий нерв в мозг, биоэлектронные устройства могут активировать блуждающий нерв. Интеграция искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) с биоэлектронной медициной преобразует процессы разработки лекарственных препаратов. Технологии ИИ могут ускорить или даже исключить выполнение различных трудоемких задач, позволяя медицинским работникам более эффективно использовать свое время и, в конечном итоге, улучшать результаты лечения. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрена роль блуждающего нерва в воспалении, стимуляции и регуляции в животных моделях, его терапевтический потенциал в лечении воспаления у человека. Кроме того, освещены вопросы проведения исследований по оценке биоэлектронных препаратов на основе ИИ для терапии таких состояний, как паралич и иммунные расстройства, а также доставки крупных молекул с помощью указанных препаратов. Проанализированы текущие тенденции, достижения и перспективные подходы к применению ИИ в биоэлектронной медицине.

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