Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is rare genetic disorder of the phakomatoses group. Authors represent literature review on the history of the HI description, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and approaches to therapy. Special attention is description is characteristics of epilepsy and EEG to HI. We also discuss different approaches to the treatment of epilepsy. So HI is rare disease the authors carried out a comparative analysis of the observed two patients with HI and epilepsy with literature data.

The traumatic brain injury (TBI), hypoxia, structural brain abnormalities are important causative factors for development of epilepsy. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is estimated to constitute 5% of all cases of epilepsy and over 20% of cases of symptomatic epilepsy. Objective of this study was to explore the seizure types in the patients with Chiari malformation type I which occur as the result of TBI. It is revealed that the patients with Chiari malformation had primary generalized seizures. Probably, such result associate with provocative role of TBI. None of the patients with Chiari malformation type I had early posttraumatic seizures, this fact we explain they didn’t have very severe TBI in anamnesis.

Scientific representation on paroxysmal brain and stages of the brain epileptisation on regional population of epileptic patients (more than 6000 cases) and clinical material consisting of 341 patients whom had been observed not less than 6 years has been established. Statements of the compensation and decompensation of the diseases process on the stages of progressing and seizure control are argumented. Criteria for restoring epilepsy defending mechanisms over a long period of time disease remission are stated. Described proposals and recommendations are tested on large group of patients.

The epidemiological study of epilepsy in the Transbaikal region, using the homestead bypass in representative samples of adults (14 years and older) was developed. We studied the prevalence and incidence, social and etiological aspects of epilepsy. Found that the prevalence of epilepsy among rural and urban population is 3,66 and 3,46 cases per 1,000 population, and incidence – 21,59 and 20,71 cases per 100,000 persons per year, respectively. According to these indicators Transbaikalia approaching to national level.

Rats with cobalt epilepsy in the estrous cycle revealed fluctuation of the levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters (especially GABA), but not of excitatory. The most significant changes were found out in the contralateral cortex, where the levels of GABA and glycine considerably decreased during the diestrus-2 phase (corresponding to menstruation). Neurophysiology characteristics indicate the increasing of epileptic activity mainly in the contralateral cortex during the diestrus-2 phase. These data indicate a close interaction between the ovarian hormonal system and the GABA-ergic system in the mechanisms of seizures states. Cyclical fluctuations of steroid hormones are of essential meaning for the course of epilepsy during the menstrual cycle.

The review summarizes modern data on efficacy, safety and role of topiramate in treatment of epilepsy. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamiccharacteristics of the medicine are presented in the article. The role of topiramate in epilepsy treatment with accounts to its pharmacoenomic values and modern requirements to antiepileptic drugs is determined. Based on presented data conclusion on topiramate efficacy in treatment of various forms of epilepsy in children and adults used both in mono- as well as in combined therapy can be done.