In this paper we are discussing the issues of diagnosis, classification, features of preoperative evaluation and surgical treatment of focal cortical dysplasia in children. Particular attention is paid to the complexities of visualization of FCD, as well as the reasons of frequent poor postoperative outcomes in epilepsy associated with FCD.

Data of own examinations and literature analysis regarding multifocal epilepsy are presented in the article. The analysis of etiology, clinical implications and prognostic factors of multifocal epilepsy of children and adults was done. It was discovered that the reasons of multifocal epilepsy in children are epileptic encephalopathies, genetic canalopathies and consequences of perinatal brain lesions. Formation of multifocal epilepsy in adults is associated with traumatic, ischemic and toxic factors, etc. Localization of epileptic sources is directly associated with zone of lesion: the source is located perifocally to zone of lesion in the structure or mediobasal temporal zones, that are more sensitive to diffusive effect of lesion (toxic and ischemic). More often localization of sources of epileptic activities in children is not associated with lesion character and zone. Multifocal epilepsy in children has very unfavorable prognosis, especially if caused by current pathological process (epileptic encephalopathy, neuroinfection). And on the contrary, multifocal epilepsy in adults is more successfully treated.

Mitochondrial diseases (MD) represent a large clinically heterogeneous group of disorders that arise as a result of dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The article discusses clinical features of the MD, accompanying by epilepsy. Two case reports are presented of MELAS syndrome and Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome. The genetic background of MD is discussed as well as methods for establishing the diagnosis of MD and peculiarities of antiepileptic therapy

Nonconvulsive epileptic seizures make the most part of all attacks which are registered in patients with mostly a focal epilepsy, the status of nonconvulsive seizures (NCSE) represents the most difficultdiagnostics problem for neurologist, epileptologist or reanimatologist. However, the given problem is insufficiently studied till now, not numerous data on diagnostics and treatment of NCSE are presented in literature.According to literature more than 30 % of patients of emergency care departments with infringement of consciousness of unknown reason are patients with NCSE.»New» antiepileptic drugs for intravenous introduction (valproates, levetiracetam,lacosamid) may give us new opportunitiesand perspectives in treatment of patients with serial nonconvulsive seizuresand NCSE.

Results of own investigations and literature review on clinical symptomatology of temporal epilepsy seizures are represented in the article. Analysis of 63 seizures in 32 patients showed that often during temporal epilepsy initial implications of seizures like aura, oral alimentary and hand automatisms, discontinuation of activities are present. High prognostic value for determination of epileptiform site lateralization in temporal epilepsy has combination of following clinical symptoms: automatism of hand at side of epileptogenic site and dystonic hand placement at the opposite side. Although, none of the clinical symptom alone can reflect epileptogenic site localization with absolute accuracy.

There was carried out the therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine by use of a bayesian mathematical modeling method in 47 patients with a focal epilepsy. The database of patients pharmacokinetic characteristics concerning carbamazepine was created. According the results of carbamazepine monitoring anticonvulsant dosage regimen was corrected

Results of Depakine Chronosphere use in Moscow city out-patient clinics are demonstrated in the article. 48 patients with focal forms of epilepsy (cryptogenic and symptomatic) were examined: 32 men and 16 women in age of 16 - 59 years with different duration of disease and different types of seizures. Depakine Chronosphere was indicated to patients who were already taking antiepileptic drugs in monotherapy with efficacy of 50% and more, and also to patients with drug remission, but with side effects, requiring changes of current indications. Results of the observation demonstrated high efficacy of Depakine Chronosphere in adult patients with different forms of focal epilepsy in monotherapy and also its use possibility in case of noneffective or poor tolerability of other valproates and carbamazepine.

Data on carbamazepine prolonged dosage forms use for treatment of epilepsy are presented in current review. Expediency of carbamazepine prolonged forms use in patients with different epilepsy forms and types of seizures is demonstrated. Besides its efficacy for stopping epileptic seizures prolonged dosage form of carbamazepine has stable plasma concentration, that is associated with better tolerability profile.